Thorax And Lungs

Front 1

Is a bondy structure with a conical shape, which narrower at the top.

Defined by the sternum 12 ribs and vertbrae.

Back 1

Thoracic cage

Front 2

Musculotendinous septum that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen.

Back 2

Diaphragm

Front 3

Pints at which the ribs join their carilages.. not palpable

Back 3

Costochondral Junctions

Front 4

Anterior Thoracic Landmarks

Back 4

Suprasternal Notch
Sternum
Sternal Angle
Costal Angle

Front 5

Posterior Thoracic Landmarks

Back 5

Vertebra Prominens
Spinous Processes
Inferior Border of the Scapula
Twelfth Rib

Front 6

Reference Lines

Back 6

Midsternal Line
Midclavicular Line
Verbral Line
Scapular Line
Anterior axillary Line
Posterior Acillary Line
Midaxillary Line

Front 7

Hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum beween the clavicles

Back 7

Suprasternal Notch

Front 8

"Breastbone" has 3 parts

Back 8

Sternum

Front 9

"angle of Louis.. the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum and it is continuous with the second rib

Back 9

Sternal Angle

Front 10

Site of tracheal bifurcation into the right wnad left main bronchi..

Back 10

Angle of Louis

Front 11

Where the right and left costal margins form an angle where they meet at the xiphoid process... usually 90Degrees or less.

Back 11

Costal Angle

Front 12

Prominet bony spurs protruding at the base of the neck.. usually C7

Back 12

Vertebra Prominens

Front 13

Knobs on the vertebrae which stack together to form the spinal column

Back 13

Spinous Process

Front 14

The middle section of the thoracic cavity containing the esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels

Back 14

Mediastinum

Front 15

On either side of the mediastinum containing the lungs

Back 15

Pleural cavities

Front 16

Highest point of the lung tissue.
3/4 cm above the inner thrid of the clavicles.

Back 16

apex

Front 17

Rests on the diaphragm at about the sixth rib in the midclavicular line

Back 17

Base

Front 18

Are the lungs symmetric?

Back 18

No. right lung is shorter than the left lung bc of the underlying liver.
No. the left lung is narrower than the right lung because the heart bulges to the left.
No. the right lobe has tree lobes and the left lung has two

Front 19

Name the fissures

Back 19

Anterior
Oblique / horizontal
Posterior
Oblique

Front 20

Posterior lobe is composed up of primarily...

Back 20

all lower lobe

Front 21

Serous membranes that form an envelope bewee the lungs and the chest wall

Back 21

pleurae

Front 22

Lines the outside of the lungs dipping down into the fissures

Back 22

visceral pleura

Front 23

Where the pleurae extend about 3 cm below the level of the lungs
"potential space"

Back 23

costodiaphragmatic recess

Front 24

Which broncus is shorter wider and more vertical than the other?

Back 24

Right main

Front 25

Transport gases between the environment and the lung parenchyma

Back 25

Trachea and bronchi

Front 26

Space that is filled with air but is not available for gaseous exchange (150 mL)

Back 26

Dead Space

Front 27

Functional repiratory unit that consist of the bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar saces, and the alveoli

Back 27

acinus

Front 28

Four functions of repiratory system

Back 28

1. supplying oxygen to the body for energy production
2. removing crbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reactions
3. maintaining homeostasis (acid-base balance)
4. maintaining heat exchange (less important)

Front 29

slow shallow breathing that casues carbon dioxide to build up in the blood

Back 29

Hypoventilation

Front 30

rapid deep breathing that causes carbon dioxide to be blown off

Back 30

Hyperventilation

Front 31

Involuntary control of repirations is mediate by ...

Back 31

the repiratory center in the brainstem (pons/Medulla)

Front 32

Normal stimulus to breathe for most of us is

Back 32

an increase carbon dioxide in the blood..

Front 33

an increase carbon dioxide in the blood..

Back 33

hypercapnia

Front 34

decrease of oxygen in the blood
Also increases respirations but is

Back 34

Hypoxemia

Less effective

Front 35

The physical act of breathing

Back 35

respirations

Front 36

air rushes into the lungs as the checst size increases

Back 36

inspirations

Front 37

expelled from the lungs as the chest recoils

Back 37

expirations

Front 38

Chest cavity alters how upon inspiration and expiration

Back 38

1. vertical diameter lengthens or shortens with downward movement of diaphragm
2. the A-P diameter increases or decreaes which is accomphished by elevation or depression of the ribs.

Front 39

Kind of pressure
INSPIRATION

EXPIRATION

Back 39

Negative

Positive

Front 40

Growing fetus increases the oxygen demand on the mothers body... met by

Back 40

Increasing tidal volume (deeper breathing)

Front 41

Normal variations with aging adults

Back 41

Costal Cartilages become calsified ( less mobile thorax)

Repiratory muscle strngth declines

Decrease in elastic properties within the lungs ( less sitnsible and lessening their tendency to cllapse and recoil)

Front 42

Gredual loss of intraalveolar septa and alveoli increases the older person's risk for

Back 42

dyspnea

Front 43

Most common chronic disease in childhood

Back 43

Asthma

Front 44

Characteristic sputum
White or clear mucoid

Back 44

Colds bronchities or viral infections

Front 45

Characteristics of sputum
yellow or green

Back 45

bacterial infections

Front 46

Characteristics of sputum
Rust colored

Back 46

tuberculosis pneumoncoccal pneumonia

Front 47

Characteristics of sputum
pink frothy

Back 47

pulmonary edema and sympathomimetic

Front 48

Characteristic cough
1. mycoplasma pneumonia
2. early hear failure
3. croup
4.Pneumonia/colds/bronchitis

Back 48

1. hacking
2. dry
3. Barking
4. Congested

Front 49

Difficulty breathing when supine

Back 49

Orhopnea

Front 50

awakening from sleep with SOB and needing to sit up right

Back 50

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Front 51

Night sweats

Back 51

Daphoresis

Front 52

cyanosis signals

Back 52

hypoxia

Front 53

coughing up blood

Back 53

Hemoptysis

Front 54

Pain accompanies deep breathing when....

Back 54

the pleurae are inflamed

Front 55

palpable vibrations

Back 55

tactile fremitus

Front 56

Occurs when anything obstructs tranmission of brbrations..

Back 56

Decreases fremitus

Front 57

occurs when compression or consolidation of lung tissue..... only when the bronchus is patent and when consolidation extends to surface

Back 57

Increased fremitus

Front 58

palpable with thick bronchial secretions

Back 58

Rhonchal fremitus

Front 59

Palpable with inflammation of the pleura

Back 59

Pleural friction fremitus

Front 60

coarse, creacking sensation.

Back 60

Crepitus

Front 61

low-ptched, clear, hollw sound that predominates in healthy lung tissue in adults

Back 61

resonance

Front 62

Lower-pitched booming sound found when too much air is present (emphysema)

Back 62

Hyperresonance

Front 63

Soft muffled thud signals abnormal density in the lungs like with pneumonia or a tumor

Back 63

Dull note