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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thoracic Cage
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Bony structure of the thorax
Protects the heart and lungs Serves as attachment site for muscles Hyaline cartilage of costal cartilages contributes to flexibility |
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Describe how the ribs articulate with the vertebras
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Ribs attach to vertebra, articulate with the superior, inferior, and transverse costal facets
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Describe the characteristics of rib and how they articulate with the vertebra
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Head: 2 facets on head articulate with the superior costal facet of corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the superior vertebra
Neck Tubercle: articular facet articulates with transverse costal facet of vertebrae Angle: rib turns anterolateral and begins to flatten Costal groove: contains costal nerve, artery, and vein |
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At which joints do ribs articulate with vertebrae?
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Costovertebral and costotransverse joints
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Which ribs are typical, atypical, true, false, and floating?
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Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1-2, 10-12 True: 1-7 False: 8-10 Floating: 11-12 |
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Costal margin
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A cartilaginous border formed by the costal cartilages of ribs 6-10: can be easily palpated
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Describe the joints located in the thoracic cage
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Costochondral joints (synchondrosis): costal cartilage connects to rib bone
Sternocostal (synchondrosis): costal cartilage attaches to sternum Interchondral joints (plane synovial joint): located between the costal catilages of adjacent "false ribs" Xiphisternal joints (synchondrosis): located where xiphoid process attaches to sternum Manubriosternal joint (symphysis): within the sternum, connecting the sternocostal joints to the inner sternum - bone united by fibrous cartilage |
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Characteristic of the sternum
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Manubrium: top section of the sternum
Jugular notch: curved notch at superior part of manubrium Sternal angle: symphysis joint within the manubrium Body: major section of sternum - contains costal notches for the articulation of costal cartilages Xiphoid process: posterior point of sternum - connected by xiphisternal joint |
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Synchondrosis vs. Symphysis
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Synchondrosis: bones united by hyaline cartilage
Symphysis: bones united by fibrous cartilage |
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Pectoralis major
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Origin (clavicular head): medial 1/2 of clavicle
Origin (sternocostal head): anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique Insertion: lateral lip of the intertubular groove (of humerus) Innervation: medial and laterl pectoral nerves Action: main actions of the upper extremity (adduction, medial rotation of humerus, flexion of humerus, extension of humerus) |
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Serratus anterior
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Origin: external surfaces of superior 8 ribs
Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of sternum Innervation: long thoracic nerve Action: main actions of LE (abduction, lateral rotation of scapula), accessory muscle in forced respiration |
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Pectoralis Minor
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Origin: external surfaces of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Innervation: medial pectoral nerve Action: accessory muscle during forced inspiration, abduction, medial rotation |
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External Intercostal
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Fibers directed from superolateral to inferomedial
Connects from tubercle of ribs to costochrondral junction Replaced anteriorly by the external intercostal membrane |
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Internal Intercostal
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Fibers directed superomedial to inferolateral
Connects from the angle of ribs to the sternum Replaced posteriorly by the internal intercostal membrane |
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Innermost Intercostal muscles
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Fibers directed superomedial to inferolateral
Only present laterally |
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Where are the intercostal nerves, arteries, and veins located?
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Each intercostal space contains an intercostal, nerve, and artery. They travel between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles. Superior to inferior - vein, artery, nerve
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Where do the intercostal arteries arise from?
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Posterior: arise from the aorta
Anterior: arise from the internal thoracic artery which is a branch off the subclavian artery |
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Where do the intercostal veins empty?
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Posterior:empty into the azygous venous system
Anterior: empty into the internal thoracic vein |
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Subcostal nerve
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Arises from the 12th spinal cord segment and travels inferior to the 12th ribs along with the subcostal vein and subcostal artery
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What is the major muscle of respiration?
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Diaphragm
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What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
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Increased intrathoracic volume. Diaphragm contracts and descends causing an increase in the vertical height of the thorax.
Contraction of intercostal muscles |
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What occurs during contraction of the intercostal muscles?
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An increase in the anteroposterior and transverse thoracic dimension via movement of the anterior and lateral aspects of the ribs
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Diaphragm
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Attachments: xiphoid process, lower 6 costocartilages, lumbar vertebrae
Innervation: phrenic nerve Action: primary muscle of respiration |
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Describe the openings of the diaphragm
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Caval opening (inferior vena cava)
Esophageal hiatus Aortic hiatus |
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What is the primary muscle of inspiration and its function?
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Diaphragm - as the dome descends, the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity increases
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What are the primary muscles of inspiration and their functions?
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External & Internal Intercostals: maintain tone of intercostal space, elevate ribs, increase width of thoracic cavity
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What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
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Sternocleimastoid: elevates sternum
Anterior, Middle, & Posterior Scalene: elevate ribs Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior |
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Describe quiet breathing
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Passive recoil of lungs and relaxation of diaphragm
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What are the muscles of expiration?
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Internal Intercostals
Subcostal Muscles Transversus Thoracis Abdominal Muscles (4): depress lower ribs, compress abdominal contents, push diaphragm up |
