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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the vertebral level of the nipples?
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4th intercostal spaces
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What vertebral levels do the kidney's lie above?
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L- T11 to L3 , R- T12-L4
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What are the 3 types of ribs?
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True ribs (1-7)-attach via costal cartilages False ribs (8-10)-attach to costal margin Floating ribs (11&12)- do not attach to sternum
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What muscle attaches between the two grooves for the subclavian on the first rib?
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Anterior scalene
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What are the distal attachments of the scalene muscle?
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Anterior and middle on the first rib, posterior on rib #2.
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What level is the superior and inferior angles of scapula at?
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T2 spinous process/T7 spinous process
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What level is the jugular notch at ?
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T2 vetebral body
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What level is the sternal angle (angle of Louis) at?
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Where the 2nd costal cartilages attach. Lies at level of disc between T4 & T5.
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What rib levels are the breast typically found at ?
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Over ribs 2-6, overlying the pectoralis major m (2/3), and serratus anterior m (1/3)
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What is the space called behind the breast that allows for movement?
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Retromammary space
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What is the blood stupply to he breast?
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Lateral thoracic artery (lateral mammary branches), internal thoracic artery (medial mammary branches) and posterior intercostal arteries (2nd,3rd, 4th intercostal spaces)
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What is the venous drainage of the breast?
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Medial mammary veings to the internal thoracic veins, lateral mammary veins to the axillary vein. venus drainage can reach azygous system to via intercstal veins.
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Breast innervation?
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Anterior & Lateral cutaneus branches of 2nd-6th intercostal nerves.
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Lymph drainage of breast?
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Lymph passes from nipple, areola and lobules to the subareolar lymphatic plexus. 75% drains laterally and superiorly into axillary nodes, eventually these drain into right lymphatic or thoracic ducts. Medial quadrant drains to parasternal nodes, and can go to other breast or drain to lymphatic or thoracic duct
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What are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles? do they have membrane and where?
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External- membrane anteriorly, continuous with external oblique (abdomen). Internal- membrane posteriorly, continuous with internal oblique. Innermost- membrane anteriorly and posteriorly.
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What innervates the intercostal muscles? what is their function?
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Intercostal nerves. Major contributors to respiration. Others: scalene, post serratus muscles, deep back mm- levator costorum, transverse thoracic mm.
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What artery/vein runs with the phrenic nerve?
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Pericariacophrenic artery and vein
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Arterial supply to thorax?
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Posterial intercostal aa.(cotocervical trunk->supreme intercostal arteries) , anterior intercostal aa (usually paired, originate from internal thoracic a.)
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What two arteries does the internal thoracic aa. branch into?
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Musculophrenic a. and superior epigastric a. Musculophrenic supplies lower spaces in thorax.
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Venous drainage thorax?
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Parallels arterial supply, except for azygous system. Ultimately drains back via two routes: internal thoracic veins (drain into brachiocephalic veins), the azygos system (drains into the superior vena cava).
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Innervation of thorax?
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Intercostal nerves- anterior ramus of T1 through T11 spinal nerves. Subcostal nerves- anterior ramus of T12 spinal nerve.
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Arrangement of vessels in the intercostal space?
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VAN from superior to inferior. Vessel, artery, nerve.
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What passes through the diaphragm at vertebral level T8?
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Inferior vena cava, right phrenic nerve & pericariacophrenic aa.
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What passes through the diaphragm at level T10?
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Esophagus and vagus nerves
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What passes through the aortic hiatus at vertebral level T12?
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The throacic aorta and thoracic duct past posteriorly through aortic hiatus.
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What vertebral level is the hilum of the lung?
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T5-T7, is where viseral and parietal layers become continuous together. (where fist would be in balloon analogy)
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What separates the parietal pleura from the internal surface of the thoracic wall?
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Endothoracic fascia. It is composed of loose CT.
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Where is the costomedianstinal recess located and what is its importance?
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Located below 6th rib in midclavicular line and 8th rib in midaxillary line. The recess allows for expansioin during forced respiration and provides a place for fluid collection.
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How many lobes does each lung have?
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Right has 3, left has 2.
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Blood supply/drainage of lungs?
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Bronchial arteries supply. Right: drains to azygos vein, Left: drains into hemiazygos system. Bronchial veins unite within lungs with pulmonary veins., bronchial veins drain
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how are the lungs innerated?
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Nerves arise from pulmonary plexuses. Parasympathetic fibers are from vagus (contract) & sympathetic from sympathetic trunks(dilate)
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