Thoracic Limb Muscles

Front 1

Two superficial pectoral muscles?

Back 1

Descending pectoral
Transverse pectoral

Front 2

Origin of superficial pectorals

Back 2

First two sternabrae and part of the third, fibrous raphe between muscles

Front 3

Insertion of superficial pectorals

Back 3

Greater tubercle of humerus

Front 4

Action of superficial pectorals

Back 4

adduct the limb when not bearing weight
prevent the limb from being abducted when bearing weight

Front 5

Origin of deep pectoral muscle

Back 5

ventral sternum and fibrous raphe
deep abdominal fascia in region of xiphoid cartilage

Front 6

Insertion of deep pectoral muscle

Back 6

lesser tubercle of humerus, aponeurosis to greater tubercle/crest
caudal part of medial brachial fascia

Front 7

Action of deep pectoral muscle

Back 7

When limb is fixed, pulls trunk cranially and extends shoulder joint
When not supporting weight, draws limb caudally and flexes shoulder joint
Adduct the limb

Front 8

Parts of the Brachiocephalicus compound muscle

Back 8

Cleidobrachialis and cleidocephalicus (divided into pars cervicalis, pars mastoidea)

Front 9

Cleidobrachialis attachments

Back 9

distal end of cranial border of humerus

Front 10

Pars cervicalis attachments

Back 10

cranial half of mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and nuchal crest of occipital bone

Front 11

Origin of Pars mastoideus

Back 11

mastoid of temporal bone

Front 12

Action of cleidobracialis

Back 12

Advance the limb
extend the shoulder joint
draw head/neck to the side

Front 13

Attachments of omotransversarius

Back 13

Distal end of scapular spine
Transverse wing of atlas

Front 14

Action of omotransversarius

Back 14

Advance the limb or flex the neck laterally

Front 15

Origin Cervical and Thoracic Trapezius

Back 15

Median raphe of the neck
Supraspinous ligament
Third cervical through ninth thoracic vertebrae

Front 16

Insertion of trapezius muscles

Back 16

Spine of scapula

Front 17

Action of trapezius

Back 17

Elevate and abduct the forelimb

Front 18

Attachments of rhomboideus capitis

Back 18

cranial dorsal border of scapula
nuchal crest of occipital bone

Front 19

attachments of rhomboideus cervicis

Back 19

median raphe of neck
dorsal border of scapula

Front 20

attachments of rhomboideus thoracis

Back 20

spines of thoracic vertebrae
dorsal border of scapula

Front 21

origins of rhomboideus

Back 21

nuchal crest of occipital bone, median fibrous raphe of neck, spinous process of first seven thoracic vertebrae

Front 22

insertions of rhomboideus

Back 22

dorsal border of adjacent surfaces of scapula

Front 23

action of rhomboideus

Back 23

elevate forelimb and draw the scapula against the trunk

Front 24

Origin of latissimus dorsi

Back 24

Thoracolumbar fascia from spinous process of lumbar and last seven or eight thoracic thoracic vertebra
muscle attachment fo last two or three ribs

Front 25

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

Back 25

teres major tuberosity of the humerus and teres major tendon

Front 26

Action of latissimus dorsi

Back 26

draw the free limb caudally as in digging
flex the shoulder joint

Front 27

Parts of serratus ventralis

Back 27

Serratus ventralis cervicis
Serratus ventralis thoracis

Front 28

Origin of serratus ventralis cervicis

Back 28

Transverse processes of last five cervical vertebrae

Front 29

Origin of serratus ventralis thoracis

Back 29

First seven or eight ribs ventral to their middle

Front 30

Insertion of serratus ventralis

Back 30

Dorsomedial third of the scapula--serrated face

Front 31

Action of serratus ventralis

Back 31

support the trunk and depress the scapula

Front 32

Origin of deltoideus

Back 32

spine and acromial process of scapula

Front 33

Insertion of deltoideus

Back 33

Deltoid tuberosity

Front 34

Action of deltoideus

Back 34

flex the shoulder

Front 35

origin of Infraspinatus

Back 35

infraspinous fossa

Front 36

Insertion of infraspinatous

Back 36

small area on later side of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 37

Action of infraspinatous

Back 37

extend OR flex the joint depending on degree of extension or position of joint when muscle contracts
abduct the shoulder
rotate arm laterllay
provide lateral stability to shoulder joint

Front 38

Origin of teres minor

Back 38

Infraglenoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 39

Insertion of teres minor

Back 39

teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

Front 40

Action of teres minor

Back 40

Flex the shoulder and rotate the arm laterally

Front 41

Origin of supraspinatus

Back 41

supraspinous fossa

Front 42

Insertion of supraspinatus

Back 42

greater tubercle of humerus by thick tendon

Front 43

Action of supraspinatus

Back 43

extend and stabilize the shoulder joint

Front 44

Origin of subscapularis

Back 44

Subscapular fossa

Front 45

Insertion of subscapularis

Back 45

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 46

Action of subscapularis

Back 46

adduct, extend, medially stabilize the shoulder joint
rotate the arm medially

Front 47

Origin of teres major

Back 47

Caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of scapula
caudal surface of the subscapularis

Front 48

Insertion of teres major

Back 48

Teres major tuberosity of the humerus

Front 49

Action of teres major

Back 49

Flex the shoulder and rotate the arm medially

Front 50

Origin of Coracobrachialis

Back 50

coracoid process of scapula

Front 51

Insertion of coracobrachialis

Back 51

Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity

Front 52

Action coracobrachialis

Back 52

adduct, extend, and stabilize the shoulder joint

Front 53

Origin of tensor fasciae antebrachii

Back 53

fascia covering lateral side of latissimus dorsi

Front 54

Insertion of tensor fasciae antebrachii

Back 54

olecranon

Front 55

Action of tensor fasciae antebrachii

Back 55

extend the elbow

Front 56

Parts of the triceps brachii

Back 56

long head, lateral head, accessory head, medial head

Front 57

Origin of long head of triceps brachii

Back 57

caudal border of scapula

Front 58

Insertion of long head of triceps brachii

Back 58

Olecranon tuber

Front 59

Action of long head of triceps brachii

Back 59

extend elbow and flex shoulder

Front 60

Origin of lateral head of triceps brachii

Back 60

tricipital line of humerus

Front 61

Insertion of lateral head of triceps brachii

Back 61

olecranon tuber

Front 62

Action of lateral head of triceps brachii

Back 62

extend the elbow

Front 63

Origin of accessory head of triceps brachii

Back 63

neck of humerus

Front 64

Insertion of accessory head of triceps brachii

Back 64

olecranon tuber

Front 65

Action of accessory head of triceps brachii

Back 65

extend the elbow

Front 66

Origin of medial head of triceps brachii

Back 66

crest of lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity

Front 67

Insertion of medial head of triceps brachii

Back 67

olecranon

Front 68

Action of medial head of triceps brachii

Back 68

extend the elbow

Front 69

Origin of anconeus

Back 69

lateral supracondylar crest
lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus

Front 70

Insertion of anconeus

Back 70

lateral surface of proximal end of ulna

Front 71

Action of anconeus

Back 71

Extend the elbow

Front 72

Origin of biceps brachii

Back 72

Supraglenoid tubercle

Front 73

Insertion of biceps brachii

Back 73

ulnar and radial tuberosities

Front 74

Action of biceps brachii

Back 74

flex the elbow
extend the shoulder

Front 75

Origin of brachialis

Back 75

proximal third of lateral surface of humerus

Front 76

Insertion of brachialis

Back 76

Ulnar and radial tuberosities

Front 77

Action of brachialis

Back 77

flex the elbow

Front 78

Origin of Extensor carpi radialis

Back 78

lateral supracondylar crest

Front 79

Insertion of extensor carpi radialis

Back 79

small tuberosities on dorsal surfaces of base of metacarpals II and III

Front 80

Action of extensor carpi radialis

Back 80

extend the carpus

Front 81

Origin of common digital extensor

Back 81

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 82

Insertion of common digital extensor

Back 82

Extensor processes of distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V

Front 83

Action of common digital extensor

Back 83

extend the joints of the four principal digits and the carpus

Front 84

Origin of lateral digital extensor

Back 84

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 85

Insertion of lateral digital extensor

Back 85

proximal ends of all phalanges of digits III, IV, and V but mainly the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of these digits

Front 86

Actions of lateral digital extensor

Back 86

extend the carpus and joints of digits III, IV, and V

Front 87

Origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 87

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 88

Insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 88

lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal V and accessory carpal bone

Front 89

Action of extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 89

abduct and extend the carpal joint

Front 90

Origin of supinator

Back 90

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 91

Insertion of supinator

Back 91

cranial surface of the proximal fourth of the radius

Front 92

Action of supinator

Back 92

rotate the foreman laterally so that the palmar side of the paw faces medially-supination
flex the elbow

Front 93

Origin of abductor pollicic longus

Back 93

lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna
interosseus membrane

Front 94

Insertion of abductor pollicis longus

Back 94

proximal end of metacarpal I

Front 95

Action of abductor pollicis longus

Back 95

abduct the first digit or pollex
extend the carpal joints

Front 96

Origin of pronator teres

Back 96

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 97

Insertion of pronator teres

Back 97

medial border of radius between proximal and middle thirds

Front 98

Action of pronator teres

Back 98

rotate the forearm medially so the palmar side of the paw faces the ground-pronation
to flex the elbow

Front 99

Origin of flexor carpi radialis

Back 99

medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial border of the radius

Front 100

Insertion of flexor carpi radialis

Back 100

palmar side of the base of metacarpals II and III

Front 101

Action of flexor carpi radialis

Back 101

flex the carpus

Front 102

Origin of superficial digital flexor

Back 102

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 103

Insertion of superficial digital flexor

Back 103

palmar face of the base--proximal end--of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V

Front 104

Action of superficial digital flexor

Back 104

flex the carpus, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, and V

Front 105

Parts of flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 105

Ulnar and humeral heads

Front 106

Origin of ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 106

caudal border and medial surface of olecranon

Front 107

Origin of humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 107

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 108

Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 108

accessory carpal bone

Front 109

Action of flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 109

flex the carpus

Front 110

Heads of deep digital flexor

Back 110

Humeral, ulnar, and radial heads

Front 111

Origin of humeral head of deep digital flexor

Back 111

medial epicondyle of humerus

Front 112

Origin of ulnar head of deep digital flexor

Back 112

proximal three fourths of caudal border of ulna

Front 113

Origin of radial head of deep digital flexor

Back 113

middle third or medial border of radius

Front 114

Insertion of deep digital flexor

Back 114

Palmar surface at the base-proximal end- of the distal phalanx of each digit

Front 115

Action of deep digital flexor

Back 115

flex the carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints, and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits

Front 116

Attachments of pronator quadratus

Back 116

Apposed surface of the radius and ulna