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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cervical spine
(C1-C7) |
provides greatest ROM
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Thoracic spine
(T1-T12) |
provides greatest protection of spinal chord
less ROM |
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Lumbar spine
(L1-L5) |
more equal blance b/w protection and ROM
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Lumbarization
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1st sacral vertebra fails to unity w/ remainder of sacrum--> sep vertebra (L6)
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Sacralization
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6th lumbar vertebra becomes fused to sacrum
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ROM of Spinal Column
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3 degrees:
flexion & extension rotation lateral flexion |
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
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limits spine extension
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Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
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limits spine flexion
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Articulations and Ligamentous Anatomy
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Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Supraspinatus Ligament Ligamentum nuchae Interspinous ligaments ligamentum flavum |
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Sacroiliac (SI) Joint
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interosseus sacroiliac ligaments
dorsal & ventral sacroiliac ligaments sacrotuberous ligament sacrospinous ligmanent SI joints become less mobile w/ age (postpartum, during pregnancy, relaxin is released) |
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Extrinsic Muscles
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provide respiration and movement associated w/ upper extremity & scapula, indirectly influences spinal column
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Intrinsic Muscles
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directly influences spinal column motion, lies close to it
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Lumbar Plexus
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T12-L5: innervates anterior and medial muscles of the thigh, medial leg, and foot
L2-L4: posterior branches for femoral nerve, anterior branches form obturator nerve |
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Sacral Plexus
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innervates buttocks, posterior femur muscles, and the entire lower leg
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Lumbar Kyphosis/ Scheuermann's Disease
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reduced curvature of spine in Sagital plane
more concave anteriorly |
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Lumbar Lordosis
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exaggerated curve in sagittal plane
more convex anteriorly |
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Lumbar Scoliosis
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exaggerated curve in coronal plane
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Intervertebral Disks
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function: increase total ROM available to spinal column; act as shock absorbers of longitudinal and rotational stresses placed on column through compression
made up of nucleus pulposus (core): 60-7-% water-based semigelatinous substance annulus fibrosus: innervated by sensory nerve, diskogenic pain |
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Rib Fractures
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etiology: external blow to thoracic lumbar
may also cause- hemothorax (blood in lung), indication: blood in urine- hematria pneumothorax (air around lung--> too much pressure) |
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Sprain (True)
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etiology: joint is forced beyond normal ROM--> damage to ligaments and joint capsules
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"Sprain" (common)
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etiology: nerve impingement from compressive forces on disk, muscle fatigue causing muscle imbalance
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General "Sprain" treatment
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muscle strengthening, muscle relaxing, manipulation of postural readjustment (neuromuscular training, PNF), adjust breathing
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Spondylolysis
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defect in pars interarticularis
etiology: degeneration of vertebral structure secondary to repetitive stress AROM- pain restricts extension |
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Spondyliolisthesis
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forward slippage of vertebra on the one below it
etiology: fracture of pars inarticularis (anterior displacement of vertebral body), spondylolysis AROM- pain when returning to upright form from flexed position MMT- weak erector spinae muscles |
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Treatment of Spondylolysis or Spondylioslisthesis
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rest
drug therapy lumbar bracing exclusion from certain sports surgery |
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Lumbar Disk Injuries
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"herniated disk"- most common in L4 or L5
weakened annulus fibrosus nucleus pulposus protrudes out of annulus fibrosus protrusion may put pressure directly on spinal nerves |
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Treatment of Lumbar Disk Injuries
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place athlete in supine position
support lumbar region w/ rolled towel (keeps lumbar spine in neutral position) apply crushed ice to region transport to medical facility |
