Thomas First Aid Microbiology Bacteria

Front 1

staph aureus toxins

Back 1

TSST-1 = septic shock

exfoliative toxin = staphylocaccal scalded skin syndrome

Protein A (virulence factor)- binds Fc portion of Ig to avoid opsonization and phagocytosis

Enterotoxin- preformed, causes food poisoning

Front 2

how is MRSA resistant to beta lactams?

Back 2

alters its PBPs

Front 3

endocarditis bugs:
IV
Acute
Dental Procedure
Prosthetic Valves
Colon Cancer
GI

Back 3

acute.IV- staph aureus
dental procedure- strep viridans
prosthetic valves- staph. epidermidis
colon cancer - strep bovis (group D)
GI illness - enterococcus faecalis (group D strep, grow in 6.5% NaCl)

Front 4

treat staph spidermidis with what?

Back 4

vanc +/- rifampin/gentamycin, because has high beta-lactam resistance

Front 5

what bacteria is lancet shaped and causes rusty sputum? 2 pathogenic factors?
causes what 4 things?

Back 5

strep pneumo
virulence factor- polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease

otitis media
pneumonia
meningitis
sinusitis

Front 6

what bacteria only cause endocarditis if damage that allows fibrin exposure?

Back 6

Strep viridens
-normal flora of mouth, can get subacute endocarditis after dental procedures.

can make dextrans from sucrose to adhere to fibrin, but can't hold onto healthy tissue

Front 7

subcutaneous plaques, polyarteritis, erythema marginatum, chorea, carditis can all be seen in

Back 7

Strep pyogenes infections

Front 8

Strep pyogenes
-what titer detects recent infection
-what virulence factor,
complication?
-what toxin?

Back 8

ASO titer

M protein (inhibits phagocytosis). can develop antibodies to it, but run risk of developing rheumatic fever

erythrogenic toxin causes scarlet fever (toxic-shock like syndrome)

Streptolysin O - prodces hemolysis, causes ASO titer (anti-streptolysin O)

Front 9

scarlet fever causes what:
pyogenic (3)
toxicgenic
immunologic (2) conditions?

Back 9

pyogenic- cellulitis, impetigo, pharyngitis
toxigenic- scarlet fever (toxic-shock like)
immunologic- rheumatic fever (can cause carditis of all layers and pericarditis), acute glomerulonephritis

Front 10

Group B strep:
produces what toxin and how does it interact with staph on plates?
what is prophylaxis for preggos with group B?

Back 10

produces CAMP factor (not cAMP) which enlarges area of hemolysis formed by Staph Aureus

give penicillin 35-37 weeks if colonized in vagina (normal for it to be there)

Front 11

which bacteria can cause bacteremia and endocarditis in colon cancer patients?

Back 11

step. bovis (enterococci, strep D)

Front 12

what class of drugs are enterococci (group D strep) resistant to? how tell difference between strep bovis and E. faecalis?

Back 12

both gamma hemolytic (like peptostreptococcus)

E. faecalis is soluble in bile and grows in 6.5% NaCl

Front 13

which bacteria has aniline (+) dye granules? will be what shape?

Back 13

corynebacterium diptheria

(gram (+) rod, "club" shaped)

Front 14

4 gram positive rods

Back 14

Clostridium
Cornyebacterium diptheria
Listeria
Bacillus

Front 15

diptheria toxin- what type of toxin, how aquired, does what

Back 15

ADP ribosylating toxin that inhibits Elongation Factor 2 to stop translation

aquired by beta-prophage

will cause a pseudomembranous deposit on tonsils

Front 16

5 spore forming bacteria

how kill spores?

Back 16

Clostridium botulinum
clostridium tetani
clostridium perfringes
bacillus anthracis
bacillus cereus

(3 clostridiums and 2 bacillus)

heat at 121 degrees for 15 minutes

Front 17

4 bugs in class of gram positive, spore forming, obligate anaerobic bacilli (rods)

Back 17

Clostridium!
-tetani
-perfringes
-difficile (not spore forming)
-botulinum

Front 18

what inhibits renshaw cells in spinal cord

Back 18

tetanospasmin (clostridium tetani)

Front 19

C botulinum toxin:
made from infection or preformed? does what?

Back 19

preformed, inhibits ACh release in nerve terminals

in canned food by adults and honey by babies

Front 20

which bacteria produces an alpha toxin that causes myonecrosis and hemolysis?

Back 20

clostridium perfringes

Front 21

C. dificile toxins actions

Back 21

Toxin A- binds to brush border of gut, causes PMN attraction and water loss

Toxin B - inhibits microtubules (depolymerizes actin) to cause mucosal death--> pseudomembrane formation

Front 22

how is c diff diagnosed?

Back 22

by detecting either A or B toxin in stool

Front 23

flu that progresses to hemorrhagic mediastinitis?

from what?

Back 23

pulmonary anthrax

inhalation of spores on sheep's wool

Front 24

black painless eschar on skin is from what?

Back 24

bacillus anthracis (from lethal factor and edema factor)

Front 25

D-glutamate a part of what bacteria's outer covering?

Back 25

bacillus anthracis capsule

Front 26

what disease can cause granulomatous infantisepica and mild gastroenteritis in adults?

Back 26

listeria

can also cause meningitis in neonates and immunocompromised

Front 27

what bacteria tumbles at room temperature but also grows in 4 Celcius

Back 27

listeria (gram positive rod)

Front 28

causes oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinuses or skin?

treatment?

Back 28

actinomyces (part of normal oral flora)

treatment: sulfa drugs

Front 29

gram-positive weakly acid-fast bacteria that causes pulmonar infections in immunocompromised?
treatment?

Back 29

nocardia

penicillin

Front 30

components of a ghon complex? 4 outcomes

Back 30

ghon focus + lobar and hilar lymph node involvement

can heal by fibrosis and cause immunity

can disseminate and cause espticemia and miliary TB

can cause progressive lung disease

can cause extrapulmonary TB

Front 31

TB initially is enveloped and proliferates in

Back 31

macrophages

Front 32

what is prophylactic treatment for Mycobacterium avium

Back 32

azithromycin

Front 33

what organisms stain positive with carbofuscin and HCl wash?

Back 33

Acid-fast- mycobacteria

Front 34

Leonine facies with loss of eyebrow, nasal collapse, lumpy earlobe?

treatment, 2 toxicities of treatment?

Back 34

mycobacterium leprae

dapsone
methemoglobinemia, hemolysis

Front 35

Which bacteria are lactose fermenters? (5)

Back 35

mcConKEES agar
Citrobacter
Klebsiella
E.Coli
Enterobacter
Serratia

Front 36

how does E. Coli break glucose down into a more usable form?

Back 36

uses beta-galactosidase

lactose- glucose and galactose

Front 37

Meningococci virulence factors (4)

Back 37

capsule (main virulence factor)
pili (for respiratory mucosa adherence)
IgA protease
LPS endotoxin

Front 38

which neisseria can use maltose?

Back 38

Neisseria meningitis

Front 39

what can we not make vaccine for neisseria gonorrhea?

Back 39

constant antigenic variation of its pili

Front 40

causes neonantal conjunctivitis

Back 40

gonorrhea

Front 41

what are haemophilus virulence factors (2)

what is vaccine conjugated to, which type of infection does it not protect against?

Back 41

PRP capsule (main virulence factor, also target of vaccine for type B, conjugated to diptheria toxin)

IgA protease

vaccine between 2 and 18 months of age, good for meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, not for otitis media

Front 42

what is H flu treatment? prophylaxis?

Back 42

ceftriaxone

prophylaxis- rifampin (like meningococcal prophylaxis)

Front 43

what causes epiglottitis

Back 43

H. Flu

Front 44

need what to culture H. flu?

Back 44

chocolate agar with factors V (Hematin) and X (NAD+)

or with staph aureus (provides factor V)

Front 45

Legionella:
need what to culture
what to stain
diagnose how
how treat

Back 45

will present as pneumonia or flu-like illness

"French Legionnaire with his SILVER helmet, sitting around a CHARCOAL campfire with his IRON dagger, he is no sissy (CYSTEINE)

culture- charcoal with iron and cysteine

silver stain

diagnose- need antigen in urine, may not be present in sputum (facultative intracellular)

erythromycin

Front 46

black lesions on skin with sepsis indicates

Back 46

pseudomonas

Front 47

pyocyanin pigment is what bacteria

Back 47

pseudomonas (blue-green)

Front 48

Pseudomonas causes what 2 conditions in diabetics

Back 48

osteomyelitis

malignant otitis externa

Front 49

what causes swimmer's ear

Back 49

pseudomonas

Front 50

what are pseudomonas toxins?

usually isolated from what source?

treatment?

Back 50

Exotoxin A- inactivates EF 2 (just like diptheria toxin)

Elastase - obvious

Phospholipase C - degrades cellular enzymes

water sources

treatment- aminoglycoside plus ticarcillin/piperacillin

Front 51

what is the main virulence factor for each of E. Coli's conditions:
-pyelonephritis/cystitis
-meningitis, pneumonia
-septic shock

Back 51

pyelonephritis/cystitis- fimbriae
meningitis/pneumonia- K1 capsule
septic shock- endotoxin

Front 52

2 differences between EIEC and 0157:H7

Back 52

both produce shiga-like toxin (inhibits 60s rRNA subunit), dysentary

EIEC invasion of intestinal mucosa and toxin cause necrosis inflammation)

EHEC = doesn't invade, and cannot ferment sorbitol or make glucoronidase

Front 53

what is pathogenesis of ETEC?
EPEC?

Back 53

ETEC- travelers diarrhea (heat labile increases cAMP, stabile increases cGMP, both watery diarrhea)

EPEC just flattens villi and prevents absorption

Front 54

how does shigella and E coli 0157:H7 cause HUS?

Back 54

shiga or shiga-like toxin inhibits 60s rRNA and also induces cytokine release

causes endothelial swelling, narrow lumen, mechanical hemolysis and reduced renal blood flow, damaged endothelium decreases platelets --> HUS with anemia, thrombocytopenia, ARF

Front 55

Klebsiella is an intestinal flora that produces lobar pneumonia in what 2 populations

Back 55

diabetics and alcoholics

by aspiration

Front 56

Klebsiella is an intestinal flora that produces lobar pneumonia in what 2 populations

Back 56

diabetics and alcoholics

by aspiration