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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CA-125 raised in
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ovarian cancer
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CEA marker for
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stomach, pancreas, colon (all GI), and breast cancers
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what female ligament is the remnant of the gubernaculum?
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round ligament (uterus to labia majora)
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CA-125 raised in
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ovarian cancer
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what is least potent form of estrogen?
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estriol (made in placenta)
think not normal pruducer, so not as good at making it |
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CEA marker for
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stomach, pancreas, colon (all GI), and breast cancers
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for estrogen production in women, which cell type has 17 alpha hydroxylase?
which cell type has aromatase? |
Theca cells have 17 alpha hydroxylase (desmolase)
Granulosa cells have aromatase |
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what female ligament is the remnant of the gubernaculum?
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round ligament (uterus to labia majora)
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what is least potent form of estrogen?
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estriol (made in placenta)
think not normal pruducer, so not as good at making it |
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CA-125 raised in
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ovarian cancer
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for estrogen production in women, which cell type has 17 alpha hydroxylase?
which cell type has aromatase? |
Theca cells have 17 alpha hydroxylase (desmolase)
Granulosa cells have aromatase |
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CEA marker for
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stomach, pancreas, colon (all GI), and breast cancers
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what female ligament is the remnant of the gubernaculum?
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round ligament (uterus to labia majora)
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what is least potent form of estrogen?
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estriol (made in placenta)
think not normal pruducer, so not as good at making it |
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for estrogen production in women, which cell type has 17 alpha hydroxylase?
which cell type has aromatase? |
Theca cells have 17 alpha hydroxylase (desmolase)
Granulosa cells have aromatase |
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does estrogen stimulate if inhibit prolactin function at breast?
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inhibits it at breast, so giving oral contraceptive to breast-feeding mothers not a good idea (but stimulates secretion elsewhere)
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prostaglandin effect on menstrual symptoms?
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cause menstral cramping, can be relieved by NSAIDS
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how long does it take for body temp to raise after ovulation
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about 24 hours, this is when progesterone starts to rise
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what are layers of endometrium (3) and what layers are shed during menstruation
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stratum compactum
stratum spongiosum stratum basalis compactum and spongisum shed during menstruation |
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does estrogen stimulate if inhibit prolactin function at breast?
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inhibits it at breast, so giving oral contraceptive to breast-feeding mothers not a good idea (but stimulates secretion elsewhere)
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prostaglandin effect on menstrual symptoms?
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cause menstral cramping, can be relieved by NSAIDS
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how long does it take for body temp to raise after ovulation
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about 24 hours, this is when progesterone starts to rise
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what are layers of endometrium (3) and what layers are shed during menstruation
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stratum compactum
stratum spongiosum stratum basalis compactum and spongisum shed during menstruation |
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after labor, what decreased hormone induces lactation?
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decreased progesterone
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what can gabapentin be used for
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diabetic peripheral neuropathy
as well as seizures, hot flashes |
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Mifepristone mech
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progesterone inhibitor at progesterone receptor (for abortion)
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Endometrial cancer risks (5)
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anything that increases estrogen
HONDA HTN obesity nulliparity diabetes anovulatory states |
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3 uses for leuprolide
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GnRH analog
continuous- uterine fibroids and prostate cancer (to decrease estrogen/testosterone) pulsatile- infertility |
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what is main possible complication of leiomyoma
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iron deficient anemia from menorrhagia
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what is primary problem in polycsytic ovarian syndrome?
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increased LH (which causes increased testosterone from theca cells, increased peripheral conversion to estrogen, and decreased FSH)
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what ovarian type cyst seen with high HCG states?
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theca-lutein cysts
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a follicular cyst in ovary is what
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a non-rupture follicle
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3 types of ovarian teratomas
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mature (most common, benign)
immature (malignant and aggressive) Stuma ovarii- thyroid tissue (pt can be hyperthyroid) |
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what ovarian tumor has following markers:
hCG and LDH hCG AFP |
hCG and LDH- dysgerminoma
hCG- choriocarcinoma AFP- yolk sac/endodermal sinus tumor |
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ovarian mass with friable, yellow solid appearance with glomerulus like cells
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Yolk sac tumor
schiller duvall bodies |
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ovarian epithelial tumors:
fallopian tube-like epithelium intestine-like epithelium bladder-like epithelium |
fallopian tube- serous cystadenoma
intestine- mucinous cystadenoma bladder- Brenner's tumor |
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what tumor presents with mucinous accumulation in peritoneum
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mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
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what ovarian tumor secretes estrogen, and what histologic finding?
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Granulosa cell tumor
can get precocious puberty call-exner bodies (small follicles filled with eosinophilic inclusions, coffee-bean lookin) |
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what ovarian tumor cell secretes androgens
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Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
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what ovarian tumor has spindle shaped histo appearance
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fibromas
(can have Meig's triad: pleural effusion, ascites, fibroma) |
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insulin resistance during pregnancy is from
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human placental lactogen
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placental complications:
-painful heavy bleeding in 3rd trimester? -painless bleeding in 3rd trimester? -heavy bleeding after delivery? |
painful bleeding 3rd trimester- abruptio placenta
painless bleeding during 3rd trimester- placenta previa (placenta breaks, but bleeds down out of uterus and since at bottom doesn't iritate uterus heavy bleeding after delivery- placenta accreta (adheres to myometrium) |
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what kinds of activites predispose to abruptio placenta?
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anything that vasoconstricts (cocaine, HTN, smoking)
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pregnant woman at 16 weeks has abdnormally large abdomen and HTN?
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hydratiform mole
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dinopristone mech
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PGE2 that causes uterine contraction (induces labor, can be used for abortion)
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should you stop breastfeeding an infant if get mastitis?
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no, need kid to drain breast
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breast mass with "blue-domed" cyst
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fibrocystic changes
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multiple masses that increase in tenderness before menstration and decrease after
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fibrocystic changes
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stromal proliferation that increases in high estrogen states (pregnancy, before menstration)
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fibroadenoma
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serous, yellow discharge from a nipple indicates
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papilloma (in lactiferous duct)
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breast cancer: ER+, PR+, signet ring cells
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lobular carcinoma in situ
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signet ring cells in breast
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LCIS, lobular carcinoma
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most common mass in postmenopausal woman
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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loss of e-cadherin in breast tumor
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invasive lobular carcinoma
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dimpling of breast indicates
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suspensory ligament involvement of breast
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Erb-B2 is what type of receptor
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EGF receptor
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invasive lobular breast cancer likes to spread to
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periotoneum
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anastrozole mech
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aromatase inhibitor
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exemastane mech
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aromatase inhibitor
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clomiphene mech
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partial estrogen agonist
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fibrocystic change occurs in what segment of breast duct/lobule system?
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major duct (behind lactiferous duct)
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what probe type is used for:
Northern Blot Southern Blot Western Blot |
Northern (RNA) - DNA probe
Southern (DNA)- DNA probe Western (protein)- ab probe |
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MR, hyperphagia, short stature, hypogonadism?
MR, seizures, ataxia, inappropiate laughter? |
hyperphagia- Prader Willi (deletion of PATERNAL chrom. 15 gene)
inappropriate laughter - Angelman (happy puppet) (deletion of MATERNAL chrom. 15 gene) "mommy's little angel |
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loss of heterozygosity
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loss of 1 copy of tumor suppressor gene
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pleiotropy
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1 gene mutation can have many effects on patient's phenotype
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locus heterogenity
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many mutations cause same phenotype (Marfans and homocysteinuria ex)
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FAP prophylactic measure
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colectomy before 25
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risk factor for Achondroplasia
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advanced paternal age
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Cl- sweat test cutoff
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>60 mEq/L
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how does N-acetylcysteine help in mucus breakdown in CF patients?
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cleaves disulfide bonds within mucus glycoproteins
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which have: corneal clouding, MR
Hurler's Scheie's Hunter's I cell disease |
Hurler''s has corneal clouding and MR
Scheies is milder Hurler's, has corneal clouding Hunters- only MR I cell- corneal clouding +/- MR |
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3 lysosomal storage disorders common in ashkenazi jews
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tay-sachs
nieman-pick gaucher's |
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3 lysosomal storage diseases with early death
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tay-sachs
nieman-pick Krabbe's (if get krabbes in lysosomes, you die early cuz they tear everything up) |
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what deficit is deficiency of
galactocerebrosidase? glucocerebrosidase? galactosidase? |
galactosidase- Fabry's
galactocerebrosidase- Krabbe's (has a but no u in both) glucocerebrosidase- Gaucher's (has u in both) |
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which lysosomal storage disease is demyelinating?
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Metachromatic leukodystrophy
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which lysosomal storage disorder causes renal failure?
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Fabry's
(rx: dialysis) |
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2 x-linked lysosomal storage disorders
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fabry's
Hunter's (a mucopolysaccharidses) rest are AR |
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Duchenne's muscular dsystrophy has what type of mutation?
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frameshift of DMD gene
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Fragile X:
repeat? gene? gene product and function? |
repeat- CGG (Can Get Girls with huge testes)
gene- FRM1 gene protein- FRMP, helps in mRNA translation in neurons and dendrites |
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Huntington's repeat?
Mytonoic dystrophy repeat? Fragile X? Freidrich's? |
Huntingtons: CAG
myoTonic dystrophy- CTG fragile X- CGG (Can Get Girls with big balls) Freidrich's- GAA |
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in Down, what are changes seen in quad screen?
AFP bHCG inhibin A estriol |
dec. AFP
inc. bHCG inc. Inhibin A dec. estriol |
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2 conditions nuchal translucency seen in
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Turner's and Down's
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what trisomy commonly presents with neonatal polycythemia?
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Downs
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rocker bottom feet, MR, clenched fists, micognathia, prominent occiput?
how different than Down on quad screen? |
Edwards (trisomy 18)
unlike Down, have decreased bHCG (but still have dec. estriol and AFP like Downs) |
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rocker bottom feet, MR, cleft lip and palate, holoprosencephaly, polydactyly
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Patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)
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microcephaly, MR, high pitched crying
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Chi-du-chat syndrome
(partial deletion of 5) |
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extreme friendliness to strangers and elvin facies? what is potential problem?
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Williams syndrome
hypercalcemia due to increased sensitivity to vitamin D |
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2 syndromes by 22q11 deletion
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DiGeorge
Velocardiofacial syndrome (palate, facial, cardiac problems) |
