Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Praetorianism
|
tendency for military takeovers; repeated military coups
|
|
|
WTO
|
an international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade; deals with the rules of trade between nations at a near-global level; it is responsible for negotiating and implementing new trade agreements, and is in charge of policing member countries' adherence to all the WTO agreements, signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments
|
|
|
NIC
|
improving democratic records; active, effective, and protected opposition; advanced techonology; high to medium rationg on Freedom House and HDI; relatively high quality of life; examples: Mexico, India, Argentina
|
|
|
Multiple Societies
|
huh? Hayashida
|
|
|
Patron-Client Relations (Clientalism)
|
an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. Machines sometimes have a boss, and always have a long-term corps of dedicated workers who depend on the patronage generated by government contracts and jobs.
|
|
|
Dependency Theory
|
worldview which suggests that poor underdeveloped states of the periphery are exploited by wealthy developed nations of the centre, in order to sustain economic growth and remain wealthy
|
|
|
NEC
|
huh?
|
|
|
IMF
|
oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance
|
|
|
World Bank
|
activities are focused on the reduction of global poverty, focusing on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), goals calling for the elimination of poverty and the implementation of sustainable development
|
|
|
Globalization
|
increasing global connectivity, integration and interdependence in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political, and ecological spheres
|
|
|
corporatism
|
direct participation of interest groups in politics
|
|
|
camarilla
|
In Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, a politician’s personal following in a patron-client relationship
|
|
|
Benito Juarez
|
served 5 terms as president of Mexico; esisting the French occupation, overthrowing the Empire, and restoring the Republic, as well as his efforts to modernize the country
|
|
|
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
|
was the ruling party in Mexico for 70 years; now is the primary opposition
|
|
|
Constitution of 1917
|
adopts US structure under Carranza
power of the Church severely limited |
|
|
National Action Party (PAN)
|
conservative and Christian Democratic party; President from PAN has been in power since 2000; does not have a majority in congress and must form coalitions
|
|
|
mestizo
|
Spanish origin used to designate people of mixed European and indigenous non-European ancestry
|
|
|
Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)
|
ranks third in major parties in Mexico; claims election fraud in the 2006 election which saw Obrador lose to Calderon by a slim margin
|
|
|
maquiladora
|
factory that imports materials and equipment on a duty-free and tariff-free basis for assembly or manufacturing and then re-exports the assembled product; used to refer to Mexican factories on the U.S.-Mexico border
|
|
|
North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)
|
trade bloc between Canada, U.S., Mexico; has resulted in the elimination of the majority of tariffs
|
|
|
PEMEX
|
Mexico's state-owned, nationalized petroleum company; govt's major source of revenue
|
|
|
sexenio
|
name for the single 6-year term that Mexico's President serves for; MAY NOT RUN FOR REELECTION
|
|
|
Lazaro Cardenas
|
one of the founders of PNR, later PRI; served as President; nationalization of U.S.-owned oil industries into PEMEX; redistributed land amongst peasants and workers
|
|
|
criollos
|
a person born in the Spanish colonies and of pure blood
|
|
|
caudillo
|
a political-military leader at the head of an authoritarian power; exemplified by Santa Anna
|
|
|
Cuautemoc Cardenas
|
founder of PRD; son of President Cardenas; ran for Presisdent in 1988 and lost in what many people saw as rigged elections
|
|
|
Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador
|
lost 2006 election in a very close vote; represented PDR; claimed election as fraud and recognizes himself as the head of govt
|
|
|
Zapatista National Liberation Front
|
armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico; opposes globalization saying that it has hurt peasants
|
|
|
Vincente Fox
|
elected in 2000; historic b/c he's the first president in 70 years not from PRI; oversaw a period of economic stablility
|
|
|
Chamber of Deputies
|
lower house of Mexico's legislature; currently 500 deputies chosen through a mix of plurality voting from single-member districts and proportional representation
|
|
|
machismo
|
prominently exhibited or excessive masculinity; used by Mexican politicians to gain mass support
|
|
|
Ernesto Zedillo
|
last PRI president in the uninterrupted reign; had to deal with the December Mistake which was the result of monetary policies opposite of his predecessor
|
|
|
Filipe Calderon
|
current president of Mexico; elected in contested elections in 2006; from PAN; conservative politician
|
|
|
Theocracy
|
government by divine guidance or, more commonly, government by or subject to religious institutions and leaders
|
|
|
Ayatollah
|
high ranking title given to Shi'a clerics; able to issue his/her own edicts based on religious laws
|
|
|
Shia/Sunni
|
consider Muhammad's bloodline as the leaders of Islam/accepted Abu Bakr as the new leader of Islam after Muhammad's death
Shia: 10-15%, but majority in Iran |
|
|
Islamism
|
term used to denote a set of political ideologies holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system; states are governed to be in accordance with the Qu'ran
|
|
|
mullah
|
the name commonly given to local Islamic clerics or mosque leaders
|
|
|
Sharia
|
the body of Islamic Law; based on interpretation of the Qu'ran; deals with day-to-day life
|
|
|
Shah
|
Persian for King
|
|
|
Jihad
|
striving in the way of God; no often connected with acts of violence in the name of God
|
|
|
Qu'ran
|
holy book of Islam; the basis of law in Iran
|
|
|
majlis
|
national legislative body of Iran; liberals are often not allowed to run b/c of the Council of Guardians; has powers to check the executive
|
|
|
Persia
|
region known since 1925 as Iran
|
|
|
farsi
|
spoken language in Iran
|
|
|
Tehran
|
capital of Iran; more than half of Iran's industry is based in Tehran
|
|
|
Qajar Dynasty
|
followed Zand dynasty; lapsed into semicolonial state to Britain and Russia; during the end of reign a constitution and elected parliament were created
|
|
|
fatwa
|
considered opinion in Islam made by a mufti, a scholar capable of issuing judgments on Shari; fatwa is only binding on its author
|
|
|
velayat-e faqih
|
"Guardianship of the Islamic jurist," theocratic system devised by Khomeini
|
|
|
Ayatollah Ali Hoseini Khamenei
|
current Supreme Leader of Iran and was the president of Iran from 1981 to 1989; has stopped reform movements
|
|
|
Ayatollah Khomeini
|
political leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi; Supreme Leader of Iran; created velayat-e faqih
|
|
|
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi
|
second Shah of Iran; fled in 1953 but was brought back to power with the help of the CIA; tyrant who was strongly dislike by Iranian people; reigned ended with Iranian revolution
|
|
|
Pahlavi Dynasty
|
short-lived dynasty started by a military takeover; ended by Iranian Revolution; period of turmoil for Iranians
|
|
|
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
|
current President of Iran; has refused to stop the nuclear program of Iran; lives a modest life which has gained support of both conservative Muslims and poor Iranians
|
|
|
Assembly of Experts
|
congressional body of 86 Mujtahids which elects the Supreme Leader and supervises his activities. Members of the assembly are elected from a government-screened list of candidates by direct public vote to eight year terms
|
|
|
Expediency Council
|
administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader; resolve differences or conflicts between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians, and also to serve as a consultative council to the Supreme Leader
|
|
|
Council of Guardians
|
oversees the Majlis; makes sure all laws are in accordance with Islamic Law; effectively has veto powers; all Majli candidates have to be approved by council of guardians
|
|
|
Mohammed Khatami
|
former President; found most of his support from youth and women; didn't make too many reforms b/c he was blocked by the conservatives in the Council of Guadians
|
