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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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photoperiodism
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plants detect light and measure day lenght
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blue light receptors
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cryptochromes, phototrophs
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red and far-red light receptors
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phytochrome
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Pr
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inactive phytochrome
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where is Pr
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in cytosol
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what is Pr
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receptor for red light
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what does red light do to Pr
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activiates Pr so it undergoes a conformation change and becomes Pfr
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whats Pfr
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receptor for far-red light
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where is Pfr and then where does it go
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in cytosol, goes to nucleus
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what does Pfr do in nucleus
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interacts with specific proteins and causes responses like seed germination
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where is far red light, for example, and why
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in canopies because chlorophyll absorbs red light
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seeds germinate with which: red light or far red light
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red light
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what determines if seeds germinate as a result of red light
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if seeds are close enough to surface eo absorb it
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flowering plants are in three categories for photoperiodism
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short night long night and night neutral
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list some short night plants
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lettuce, spinach, radish, beet, coverl, glodiului, iris
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when do short night plants flower
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spring/summer
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list some long night plants
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asters, strawberries, dahlia,s poinsettials, potatoes, soybeans, goldrods
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when do long night plants flower
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late summer, fall winter
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name some night netural plants
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roses, snapdragons, coton, carnations, dandelions, sunflower,s tomatoes, cucumbers
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what mediates plant responses to shading
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phytochrome
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gravitropism
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plant moveing toward/away from gravity
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negative gravitropism
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shoots grow up
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positive gravitoropism
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roots grow down
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plants detect gravity by menas of what
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statoliths, starchy plastids
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cells wtih statoliths are called what
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statocytes
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thigmantropism
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plants moving toward/away from touch
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two examples of thigmantropism
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roots grow horizontal, or plants curl in response to touch
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DNA and RNA are
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nucleic acids
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DNA/RNA is large macromolecule composed of smaller building blocks. what are they
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nucleotides
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strand of DNA/RNA formed by what kind of bond, between what
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covalent bonds between nucleotides
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double helix
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two strands bind with each other to form twisted spiral
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DNA associates with proteins to form
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chromosomes
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genome
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complete complement of organism's genetic material
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what gets desginations like 1` 2` 2`
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carbons in sugar
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nucleotides contain what componenets
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phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
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pentose sugar is what in DNA
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deoxyribose
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pentose sugar is what in RNA
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ribose
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nitrogenous base has what two categories
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purine and pyrimidine
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what are the purine nitrogenous bases
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A and G
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what does A stand for
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adenine
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what does G stand for
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guanine
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what does C stand for
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cytosine
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what does T stand for
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thymine
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what does U stand for
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uracil
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purines are single ring or double right
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double ring
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pyrimidines are single ring or double ring
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single ring
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what are the pyrimidine nitrogenous bases
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C, T, U.
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strand is formed by what kind of linkages of what
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covalent bonds of neucleotides
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phosphate group connects what
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two sugars
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what kind of linkage is it between phosphates and 2 sugars
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phosphodiester linkage (2 phosphoeseter bones)
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backbone of strand is formed yb what
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phoshates and sugar molecules
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backbones is positively charged negatively charged or neutral
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negatively charged
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sugar phosphate backbone is on outside or inside
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outside
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bases are on outside or inside
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inside
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opposite strands have what kind of bonding
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hydrogen bonding
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where are the strands bonded (by hydrogen bonds)
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at bases
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what is the effect of hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands
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stabilizing
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hydrogen bonding between bases in opposite strands- what is this called? and what's special about it
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base pairs, they are specific
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gene
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unit of heredity
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gene expression
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gene funciton at level of traits and molecular level
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mutations
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changes in genetic material
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what can mutations do
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alter gene fucntion
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transcription
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produced RNA copy of genes
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what is RNA copy of genes, produced in transcription, called
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RNA transcript
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most genes are what kind of genes
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structural genes
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most genes are structural genes and produce what kind of RNA
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messenger RNA
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where does messenger RNA carry information, and what kind of information
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polypeptide. specific amino acid sequence
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what are the two general steps of gene expression
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transcription and translation
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