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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mental disorder?
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Any behavior or emotional state that causes a person to suffer, is self-destructive; seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others; or endangers others or the community
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What is a personality disorder?
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Rigid, maladaptive patterns that cause personal distress or an inability to get along with others
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What is a paranoid personality disorder?
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Characterized by habitually unreasonable and excessive suspiciousness and jealousy
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What is a narcissistic personality disorder?
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Characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption
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What is a bipolar disorder?
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i. Characterized by extreme mood swings with at least one or more episodes of mania, the bipolar part of it means the individual experiences depression and mania
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Define depression.
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A mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interest in one’s usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite)
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Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
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An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designs to reduce anxiety, person understands that the ritual behavior is senseless but guilt mounts if the behavior is not performer
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Define Agoraphobia.
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Fundamental fear of being trapped in a crowded public place away from a safe place or person, often set off by a panic attack
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What is a phobia?
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An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object
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What is a panic disorder?
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An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks
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What is a panic attack?
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A feeling of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid breathing, racing heart, and dizziness
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What is Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
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An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as: Psychic numbing, reliving the trauma, increased physiological arousal; diagnosed only if symptoms persist for 1 month; may immediately follow event or occur later
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What is a Borderline personality disorder?
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Characterized by a history of intense but unstable relationships in which they alternate between idealizing the partner and then devaluing the partner
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Define Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
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Preoccupied with rules and details, perfectionistic at the expense of flexibility
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Why would someone with a narcissistic personality disorder come to therapy?
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Depression because their friends and family won’t interact with them, not because they know they have this specific personality disorder
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Define Dependent personality disorder.
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dependent personality disorder, wants other to make decisions, excessive need to be taken care of, needs constant advice and reassurance
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What are delusions?
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False beliefs that often accompany schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
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What are hallucinations?
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Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of actual stimulation
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What are the positive symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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The positive symptoms are marked by an excess of normal function and are called positive because something is being added and goes beyond normal behavior EX. Hallucinations, delusions
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Define Catatonic Schizophrenia.
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Characterized by bizarre motor behavior that sometimes takes the form of a completely immobile stupor; they may remain in one position for days, weeks or years; wrists and ankles will be blue because the blood isn’t circulating; they give them drug to come out of state but when they do they are extremely violent, they try to feed them, and bath them as quickly as possible before they enter their catatonic state again
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What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Negative symptoms are behavioral deficits and a loss of normal functions EX. An individual shows little or no emotion, withdraws from other people, the individual may also have difficulty reading the emotions of other people
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Define Paranoid Schizophrenia.
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Characterized by delusions of grandeur, delusions of persecution and delusions of reference Ex. John Nash, Gerald, Heather
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Define Undifferentiated Schizophrenia.
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Characterized by disorganized behavior, hallucinations, delusions and incoherence; this diagnosis is usually used when it does not meet the criteria for one of the other types of it ay meet the criteria for more than one of the other types
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Examples of antidepressants.
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Zoloft, Paxil, Prozac, Celexa, Cymbalta, Effexor
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Examples of anti-anxiety drugs (Benzodiazepines).
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Xanax, Ativan, Klonopin, Busbar
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Define Disorganized Schizophrenia.
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Individual has delusions and hallucinations and may regress to childlike gestures and behavior
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What are the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia?
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Negative symptoms are behavioral deficits and a loss of normal functions EX. An individual shows little or no emotion, withdraws from other people, the individual may also have difficulty reading the emotions of other people
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Examples of Drugs for Bipolar Depression.
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Lithium Carbonate, Depakote
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Examples of Drugs for Schizophrenia.
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Haldol, Clozapine, Thorazine, Abilify, Seroguel
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What kind of treatment is required for a Paranoid Personality Disorder?
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Not therapy, but usually therapy for depression because they don't think they have a problem, however enormous amount of time spent trying to get connection between therapist and patient
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What kind of treatment is required for a Borderline Personality Disorder?
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Intensive psychotherapy
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What kind of treatment is required for narcissistic Personality Disorder?
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One of the most difficult to treat, patients who consult therapists usually do so because of a related disorder, usually depression, however once in treatment the individual may try to manipulate the therapist into supporting their sense of superiority
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What kind of treatment is required for a Dependent Personality Disorder?
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Antidepressent drug therapy has been helpful for those whose disorder is accompanied by depression, key task to help patients accept responsibility for themselves, couple or family therapy can help
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Define Axis I.
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All diagnostic disorders except personality disorders and mental retardation
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Define Axis II.
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Personality disorders and mental retardation
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Define Axis III.
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General medical conditions
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Define Axis IV.
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Social and environmental stressors
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Define Axis V.
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Global assessment of overall current functioning
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What is DSM's primary aim?
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To provide clear diagnostic categories so that clinicians and researchers can agree on which disorders they are talking about and then can study and treat these disorders
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What did the DSM-IV recently include for the first time?
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A list of culture-bound syndromes which are set to a symptom specific to the culture in which they occur Ex. Native American Tribes: Ghost sickness is the preoccupation with death and the dead, with dream, fainting, appetite loss, fear and hallucinations
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What are some concerns about DSM?
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Danger of over-diagnosis, power of diagnostic labels, person is more than just the diagnostic label
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What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
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Continuous state of anxiety marked by feeling of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, signs of motor tension
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The DSM-IV requires 5 of the following symptoms within two weeks to be considered depression.
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Depressed mood, reduced interest in almost all activities, significant weight gain or loss, sleeping too much or too little, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, reduced ability to think or concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death
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During a manic episode how does a someone with a Bipolar Disorder do and feel?
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They can spend all this money but when their out of the episode realize they don't have any money, they feel euphoric and on top of the world
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What is treatment for a Bipolar Disorder?
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Medication and psychotherapy, lithium controls your emotions so you don't feel anything
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Can the Dipolar Disorder by genetic?
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Yes!!! WATCH OUT!!!
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Who is John Forbes Nash, Jr?
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A mathematical genuis who won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Scines in 1994 as a result of his game theory work as a Princeton university graduate student, struggled with paranoid schizophrenia
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Define psychoanalysis.
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A method of psychotherapy developed by Freud emphasized the exploration of unconscious motives and conflicts
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Define free association.
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In psychoanalysis, a method of uncovering unconscious conflicts by saying freely whatever comes to mind
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Define Transference.
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In osychodynamic therapies, a critical step in which the client transfers unconscious emotions or reactions, such as conflicts with parents, onto the therapist
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Define behavior therapy.
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a form of therapy that applies classical and operant conditioning to help people change own defeating or problematic behaviors, use of behavior therapy for phobias as well
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Define graduated exposure.
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In behavior therapy, a method in which a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is gradually taken into the feared situation or exposed to a traumatic memory, until the anxiety subsides
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Define flooding.
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A technique whereby a person suffering from an anxiety disorder, such as a phobia, is taken directly into the feared situation until the anxiety subsides
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Define humanist therapy.
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Based on assumption that people seek self-actualization, self-fulfillment; emphasized people's free will to change, not past conflicts
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What is client-centered therapy?
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Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes therapist’s empathy with client, and communication of unconditional positive regard.
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What is existential therapy?
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Helps clients explore the meaning of existence and face with courage the great issues of life such as death, freedom, free will, alienation, and loneliness
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What is psychosurgery/prefrontal lobotomy?
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Invented in 1935 by a neurologist (Antonio Egas Moniz) drilled two holes into the skull of a mental patient and used an instrument to crush nerve fibers running from the prefrontal lobotomy, to other areas, this procedure was supposed to reduce the person’s emotional symptoms without impairing their intellectual ability, as you might imagine this procedure did NOT work and left many patients as vegetables, eventually doctors would go in with an ice pick into the person’s eye?
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Define electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
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shock therapy, used to treat severe depression, we do not know exactly how it works, used as a treatment of last resort
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What are some research questions?
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What are the common ingredients in successful therapies? What kinds of therapy best suited for which problems? When is therapy harmful?
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