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201 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Denis Diderot's 4 Genres of Drama
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laughing comedy, serious comedy, domestic tragedy, classical/epic tragedy
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Denis Diderot's thought on drama:
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Drama can only influence if it creates an illusion of reality.
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Pierre Beaumarchais
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A French playwright, watchmaker, inventor, musician, diplomat, fugitive, spy, publisher, horticulturalist, arms dealer, satirist, financier, and revolutionary. Wrote Barber of Seville and Marriage of Figaro.
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Pierre de Marivaux (2)
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the game of love and chance (1730)
as good as sentimental comedy ever got. |
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The Royal Dramatic School (France)
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replaced the ‘apprenticeship’ style program
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Carlo Goldoni
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(writer, 18th century)
The Servant of Two Masters, Mirandolina recognized that the commedia form was dying. set out to preserve the improvisational nature and the use of scenarios. “commedia plays" |
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Voltaire (6 things)
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Bent the neoclassical rules. more complex plots. sought to liberalize the rules without departing from them. ghosts, supernatural beings, more spectacle. abolished spectators from the stage
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Pierre de LaChaussee
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French. Sentimental comedies.
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Henri-Louis Lekain
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actor, french, 18th century, tragic actor (french David Garrick in terms of natural acting style evolution)
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Late 18th Century England acting style:
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Classical School of Acting; dignified, graceful
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John Philip Kemble (3)
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Remounted shakespeare with great attention to scenic elements.
perceived shakespeare in the neoclassical lens. Changed it/used versions to fit. ex: King Lear by Tate: eliminated the fool, King Lear restored, Cordelia survives |
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William Capon
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English artist. Improved historical research and accuracy for stage production.
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German Theatre prior to the 17th century.
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Very little.
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German theatre in the early 18th century... (5)
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Theatre swept through the royal courts. Emulating the cultural richness of france.
Austria first, imported Italian artists. Lack of actors and theatres Educated people didn’t write in german, preferring latin or french. |
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Vienna
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Centre of European opera in 18th century.
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German middle, and ruling classes preferred
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Opera, not theatre.
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Hamburg National Theatre (4)
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(1767) Sought to raise german theatre.
Didn’t get a broad enough audience until 1765 first public theatre built in hamburg company lasted only two years. |
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G.E. Lessing (1729-1781) (4)
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resident literary advisor and critic for the Hamburg National Theatre.
first modern dramaturg finest german playwright of the period important theorist |
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what is a dramaturg?
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a historical and literary advisor. Often appear in companies stressing new work
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Hamburg Dramaturgy (5)
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(theatrical journal)
reconciled neoclassicism with Shakespeare and domestic drama thought shakespeare was as good as sophocles didn’t want to discount the logical concentration of Aristotle one of the foremost critical works of the 18th century |
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Miss Sarah Sampson (4)
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G.E. Lessing
sentimental tragedy most popular german play at the time. attracted a large middle class audience |
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Nathan the Wise
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first german play written in blank verse (imitation of elizabethan work)
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Sturm and Drang (4)
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(Storm and Stress) 1767-1787
revolt against neoclassicism name comes from a play associated mostly with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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Loved shakespeare.
attempts to imitate the looseness of the ShP form. ignored the logical development and close plotting (not good) |
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Goetz von Berlichingen
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54 scene changes and 41 speaking parts. way more than ShP (Goethe) not the neutral stage of elizabethan england, didn’t work.
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Friedrich Schiller
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German. Wrote the Robbers.
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The Robbers
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Schiller.
Distinctive characters self-consciously challenges the neoclassical rules. |
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Weaknesses of the Robbers: (5)
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plot construction
lack of logic emotional excess lack of inevitability an adolescent craving for profundity. |
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The Robbers anticipates many features of 19th century romanticism: (7)
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feeling above thought
rebellion subjectivity dark vision violence suicide gothic environments (dark, secluded, wooded) |
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Wiemar Classicism (4)
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the shared achievement of Schiller and Goethe
started when Goethe came back from Italy the culmination of german literature began with Goethe’s first ‘classical work' |
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Components of Wiemar Classicism (3)
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new ethics message of Humanity
less violent and crazy than Sturm und Drang brought classical ascetics to modern forms of literature |
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Shakespeare in Germany
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Started with touring english companies. Germans LOVE that stuff.
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Christoph Martin Wieland
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wrote 22 prose translations of shakespeare in german.
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August Wilhelm Schlegel
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17 verse translations of Shakespeare into German.
One of few dramatists connected to theGerman Romantic movement |
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Aristotelean vs Shakespeareans (as understood by Germans) (4)
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dialogue deemed the language of nature
great understanding of human nature and characterization perhaps they thought, shakespeare had attained the height of tragedy BECAUSE he didn’t follow aristotle aristotle was seen by some as an obstacle to great tragedy. |
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German State Theatres (5)
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First time we see subsidized theatres, employees are state employees.
Vienna Burgtheatre Mannheim Courtand National Theatre Weimar Court Theatre |
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August Friedrich Von Kotzebue (6)
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The Stranger
most popular playwright in the world at the time wrote over 200 plays in multiple genres. combined sensational subjects with spectacle and sentimentality used the devices of S&D but more effectively. his work contributed to the development of melodrama |
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Key historical context for the beginning of the 19th century: (7)
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declaration of independence
revolutionary war french revolution reign of terror Napoleon and the empire industrialization and urbanization romanticism and realism |
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Romanticism
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emerged in the 19th century
reflected a growing faith in feeling and instinct as guides to ethical human behaviour originated in germany |
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Das Athanaeum
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The Athenaeum was a literary magazine established in 1798 by August Wilhelm and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel. It is considered to be the founding publication of German Romanticism.
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Romantic perspective on 'Art'
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Elevation of art
- art could free people from mundane reality and limitations Art as a means of glimpsing “ultimate truth" celebration of the artist as a superior being |
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Romantic Theatre elements: (4)
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Rejection of unity of time and place
rejection of genre separation plot subordinate to character, mood, and emotion rejection of decorum |
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“Closet dramas"
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plays written for the page rather than the stage
didn’t adhere to the reality of the limitations of the stage |
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What did Melodrama do to classicism?
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Melodrama breaks the hold of classicism, thus paving the way for Romantic Drama
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Elements of Melodrama...
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Virtuous hero/dastardly villain
Rescue from insurmountable difficulties three-act structure loosely episodic spectacle all events happen on stage battles, duels, floods, parades, etc. plot devices - twists and turnsdisguise, abduction, coincidences, etc. poetic justice comic relief music |
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Elements of Romantic drama: (7)
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5 act structure
avoidance of happy endings poetic justice not a requirement poetic language many are verse plays use of historical materials historical accuracy |
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Sarah Siddons
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Sarah Siddons was a Welsh-born English actress, the best-known tragedienne of the 18th century. She was the elder sister of John Philip Kemble
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91 rules
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Goethe’s“91rules”advanced the craft of acting by attention to voice and speech, movement,posture, stage position and blocking.
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Stendahl
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Racine and Shakespeare
declares shakespeare’s plays better big deal in france |
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Victor Hugo's dramatic beliefs (3)
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argued the unities should be abandoned
subject matter should be in historical milieu human nature is a polarity: spiritual aspirations and an animal nature romantic art should depict both the sublime and the grotesque |
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Alfred de Musset
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Alfred Louis Charles de Musset-Pathay was a French dramatist, poet, and novelist. Along with his poetry, he is known for writing La Confession d'un enfant du siècle from 1836.
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Edmund Kean
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foremost actor in english of his day
greatest exponent of the romantic school in england |
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William Charles Macready (6 things)
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combined kemble’s dignity with Kean’s fire
famous for lengthy pauses illusion of everyday life insisted on acting in rehearsal rather than just reading through undertook many tours of the US |
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Edwin Forrest
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first famous american actor
american school of acting very physical acting |
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Henry Irving
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dominated the english theatre in the later part of the 19th century
actor and theatre manager |
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Romantic Acting features and what stayed the same...
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greater realism
freedom emotionalism Same as before: no detailed rehearsal process conventional grouping of actors and movement arms length apart. actors moved to the bright spot in the centre when saying something important semi-circular standing arrangements are the norm |
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Romantic Stage
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Not a box set.
Acting on the forestage |
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“naturalman”
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Roots of Romanticism can be traced back to Rousseau and his theory of “naturalman”.
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Hernani
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Victor Hugo (1830):noble outlaw, undignified language, violence onstage, humourmixed with serious content, no unities.
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What were some of the important scenicinnovations of first half of 19th century? (5)
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Boxsets enclose acting area (Lucia Vestris)•
Antiquarianismin costume design (James Planche)• Emphasison spectacle• Gaslighting first introduced in 1816• Limelightfirst used in 1837 |
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Features of romantic ballet: (7)
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Colorful and exotic places
folk customs around the world the non-rational and supernatural emotional dance contrasting styles dancing en pointe primacy of the ballerina |
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Theophile Gautier
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Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier was a French poet, dramatist, novelist, journalist, and art and literary critic
liked the appearance of feminine beauty in the romantic ballet reflected the general decline of interest in the male dancer |
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Carlo Blasis
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Code of Terpsichore
- Elementary, theoretical and practical treatise of the art of the dance advocated the pirouette -beautiful for its flexibility head of the imperial dancing academy (Milan) |
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Code of Terpsichore
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Elementary, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Art of the Dance, written by Carlo Blasis
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August Bournonville
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August Bournonville was a Danish ballet master and choreographer.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin Significance: (5)
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effective melodrama
faithful to the original material very popular most performed play of the 19th century increased the popularity of melodrama internationally |
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Antiquarianism
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Focus on historical accuracy on stage
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Madame Vestris
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Olympic Theatre
introduced box sets realistically detailed room 3 walls and a ceiling slowly took over groove/shutter/wing systems slower scene changes |
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characteristics of gas lighting
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very popular
very bright could be controlled from a distance could be coloured with transparent coloured cloth dangerous rotten garlic-like smell |
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James Robinson Planche
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Costume researcher
historically accurate costumes extensive research The History of British Costume |
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Marie Taglioni
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first star of the romantic ballet era
long tutu light and graceful pointe shoes she greatly developed the technique elevated it from just a circus trick |
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La Sylphide
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Romantic era ballet. Marie Taglioni
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Romantic Ballet characteristics
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brought concern about women and sexuality to the fore
women were more famous then men |
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Ballet Giselle
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The hamlet of ballet.
A romantic ballet in two acts. It was first performed by the Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique. The premiere starred Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi as Giselle. The ballet was an unqualified triumph. Giselle became hugely popular, and was staged at once across Europe, Russia, and the United States. |
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Carlotta Grisi
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Combined innocence and grace of taglioni and also sexiness and power. Dancer in Giselle.
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Jules Perrot
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Jules-Joseph Perrot was a dancer and choreographer who later became Balletmaster of the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia
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Changes wrought through Romantic ballet: (4)
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males roles often assumed by women in male attire
ballet becomes a display of lovely ladies in nice costumes ballet becomes a light entertainment after the opera. ballet moves to find a home in russia |
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What movement came after Romanticism?
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Realism
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What non-artistic factors contributed tothe development of Realism? (4)
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Rapidindustrialization and expansion of trade
Creationof industrial proletariat Faithin technology and science Emergenceof socialism and socialist critique of capitalism |
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The first step towards illusionism since the renaissance...
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Realism
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Characteristics of realism
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Naturalistic
neoclassical verisimilitude historical accuracy in costume |
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Eugene Scribe
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The well made play
300-400 plays over 50 years opera libretti, comedy, serious dramas marriage for Money A glass of water |
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The Well Made Play elements (6)
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written to appease a middle class
no moral, philosophical or social content strictly commercial entertainment very popular highly skilled plot development used a lot of greek characteristics. |
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Formula for a Well Made Play (6)
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Late “point of attack" a lot of important action has happened before the play starts.
A secret known to the audience as a result of a first act exposition Protagonist vs antagonist series of up and downs (reversals) secret is revealed about the villain suffering hero is restored to good fortune villan suffers a crushing defeat |
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Alexandre Dumas Fils
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Camille: exposed the dangers of prostitution and free love
The Natural Son: the legal and moral issues around the illegitimate birth of children Theatre should not be a goal in itself. It is a tool for improving society. Stage is a pulpit not a medium of frivolous entertainment. |
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Emile Augier
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French dramatist. Huh.
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Thesis plays
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Well made play + social problems and psychological issues = socially conscious “thesis" plays.
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Charles Darwin (and how he relates to theatre)
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people call for art that subjects human behaviour to detached objective study and most importantly a kind of drama that would depict human beings as a function of heredity and their environment. `
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Herbert Spencer
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Herbert Spencer was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.
A scientist who help usher in Naturalism |
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Emile Zola
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a French writer, the most well-known practitioner of the literary school of naturalism and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism.
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Naturalism in the Theatre
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Written by Emile Zola
the function of art is to tell the truth. The biological, scientific truth. |
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Plot in Naturalism
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Pretty much abandoned. Focus on character and set.
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Character in Naturalism
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psychological analysis
usually lower class the impact of the environment was so pronounced. |
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Setting in Naturalism
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as important as the characters
tended to be oppressive not picturesque like romantic often slums environment weighs down and creates the spirit |
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Public reception of Naturalism
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melodrama still very popular
Therese Raquin hissed from the stage very few naturalist playwrights were successful |
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Ghosts
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Naturalistic play written by Ibsen
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The Lower Depths
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Naturalistic play written by Gorky
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Miss Julie
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Strindberg's naturalistic play with social commentary about status and gender.
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Andre Antoine
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André Antoine was a French actor, theatre manager, film director, author, and critic who is considered the father of modern mise en scène in France.
Master of naturalistic staging. Founded Theatre Libre |
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Theatre Libre Characteristics
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abondons 2D painted scenery
Live animals No footlights Rehearsed actors without a fourth wall No drama devices (monologues, asides, etc) Overall, as real as possible. |
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Ibsen (5)
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Playwright with some Realism plays.
Attacked norms and convention. Subtle, realistic works.Developed psychological motivation "the first modern playwright" |
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Parts of Strindberg's preface to Miss Julie: (5)
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–elimination of painted scenery and footlights
–actorsturning backs to audience –absolute darkness in auditorium –psychological analysis of character –dialogue reflecting real mannerisms of speech |
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Theatre Libre Signifigance (5)
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•Avenue for the presentation of French and other European naturalistic works
•Attempted to implement naturalistic staging ideas of Zola and Strindberg Actors directed and sets designed on “fourth-wall”basis •“Slice of life”plotting •First“art theatre” |
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Describe some of the realistic attributesof Hedda Gabler (4)
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Complexcharacterization of Heddaand her portrayal as a person of her specific time and place.
•Depiction,through the set and other characterization, of a stultifying milieu. •Useof realistic symbols •Challengeto a masculine society offering no hope for female fulfilment. |
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Edwin Booth (5)
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Booth’s Theatre (1869 - height of melodrama and its scenic splendour) built to his specifications in NY.
stage floor was level no grooves for flats hydraulic elevators raised set pieces flying machinery raised pieces into the overhead space. |
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“Free Plantation”
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Scenery style that allowed stage pieces to be secured into place on different parts of the stage.
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Henry Irving
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(english) Theatre manager, Lyceum theatre
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Karl Lautenschlager
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invented the Revolving Stage
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First counterweight rigging system
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1888
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Georg Saxe-Meiningen
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First total theatre director, using all production elements
influenced realism creator of the technical director position. influenced Stanislavski |
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Saxe-Meiningen Staging Concepts
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-focused on historical authenticity
-simplistic scenic plans -focused on true to life acting -staging crowd scenes -staged shows specifically so that the focus was anywhere but the centre. |
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Sir Henry Irving (6)
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First "Artistic Director"
Heavy use of production elements over 1000 footlights cloth drops salt as snow plantation scenery |
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Mariinsky Theatre
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National ballet theatre of Russia under the Czar
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Ballet in Russia
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Heavily funded and enjoyed.
Zenith of the art form. St. Petersburg home of first full-length ballet. |
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Marius Petipa
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Led Russia's ballet scene
one of the greatest choreographers Lengthened many works into several acts used a lot of divertissements very classical, got stale by the end of his long career. |
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Russian Revolution date
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1917
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Maxim Gorky
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a Russian and Soviet writer, a founder of the Socialist realism literary method and a political activist.
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Chekhov
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Wrote the cherry orchard.
Great russian writer. Later seen as pessimistic, gloomy. As a doctor, tried to convey life accurately. A lot of social commentary. |
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scenic innovations of the second half ofthe 19th century (5)
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•Eliminationof grooved flats
•Introductionof stage braces (“freeplantation” ofscenery) •Irving’suse of front curtain to mask scene changes •Introductionof 3-dimensional scenic elements•Quality,intensity and control of lighting enhanced by incandescent (electric) lighting |
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Moscow Art Theatre
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Stanislavsky's theatre company!
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Problems with acting as Stanislavsky saw them
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- actors are calling the shots (exception: Saxe-Meiningen)
- actors are specializing in certain kinds of roles. - Star system adds to artificiality of performance -little ensemble performance -Minimal rehearsal -constant demand for rapid turnover -actors didn’t know all their lines well - Training and coaching is rare - the idea that acting is an acquired skill is not commonplace. - a lot of imitation. preserving the acting style they were imitating. |
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prompter (in Russian Theatre)
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individual located down stage centre, only their head visible, back to audience. most action located close to prompter head.
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3 Stanislavsky system components
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The Magic IF
Objective and Superobjective Emotional Memory |
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3 stages of Stanislavsky rehearsals
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Character and self-discovery New Ideas |
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Lee Strasburg
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Brought Stanislavsky method to America, but never trained in it, drastically changing it.
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Sergei Diaghilev
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not a dancer, an impresario
took ballet from an entertainment to an art form. Founder of the Ballet Russes |
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Michel Fokine
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Choreographer and dancer. Worked with Ballet Russe
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Ballet Russes
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The Ballets Russes was an itinerant ballet company based in Paris that performed between 1909 and 1929 throughout Europe and on tours to North and South America. The company never performed in Russia, where the Revolution disrupted society.
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Anna Pavlova
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Anna Pavlovna Pavlova was a Russian prima ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev.
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Nijinsky
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a Russian ballet dancer and choreographer , cited as the greatest male dancer of the early 20th century. He was celebrated for his virtuosity and for the depth and intensity of his characterizations. Danced with the Ballet Russes.
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Isadora Duncan
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American
“Mother of Modern Dance” Greek dress barefoot free style challenged ballet |
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Ruth St. Denis (6)
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American dancer and choreographer
studied dance early. worked as a skirt dancer Eastern style a major influence (Indian and Egypt) Hindu Philosophical Ideas. Spiritual dancing. |
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Denishawn (6)
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school of dancing
fountainhead of american modern dance martha graham, doris humphrey, etc. Oriental, spanish and primitive dance ballet basics Toured frequently |
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Ted Shawn (5)
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Felt the Solo Male dancer, not merely acceptable, necessary.
temporarily paralyzed from waist down in early life. Danced with and married Ruth St. Denis thematic material: aboriginal, folk, and popular culture, ignored traditional ballet music. |
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Mary Wigman
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rhythmic gymnastics
Studied Laban Expressionism popular during her career Started Dresden Centre School (Dance Academy) Toured the US with her troupe. inventor of 'Absolute Dance' Through distortion we reveal inner states of mind, in the dance we get unnatural movements. style based upon artifice and distortion. Musical visualization the choreography is designed to visualize the music. |
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Doris Humphrey
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a dancer and choreographer of the early twentieth century. Humphrey was one of the second generation modern dancer.
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Charles Weidman
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Charles Weidman is a renowned choreographer, modern dancer and teacher. He is well known as one of the pioneers of Modern Dance in America.
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Martha Graham
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an American modern dancer and choreographer whose influence on dance has been compared with the influence Picasso had on the modern visual arts, Stravinsky had on music, or Frank Lloyd Wright had on architecture
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Jose Limon
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José Arcadio Limón was a pioneer in the field of modern dance and choreography
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Paul Taylor
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Paul Taylor is widely considered to be one of the foremost American choreographers of the 20th century. Paul Taylor is among the last living members of the second generation of America’s modern dance artists.
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Alvin Ailey
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an African-American choreographer and activist who founded the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City.
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Alwin Nikolais
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American modern dance choreographer.
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Realism came at an artistic cost
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language
spectacle transcendent action removed from everyday life. |
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The counter attack against realism was led by:
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The fathers of Realism: Ibsen and Strindberg
Ibsen = symbolism Strindberg = expressionism |
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Modernism was all about...
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Subjective instead of objective.
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Symbolism
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symbolistic stuff.
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Put all of the theatre movements in chronological order: (17)
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Sentimental
Sturm und Drang Weimar Classicism Melodrama (breaks classicism, paves the way for) Romanticism (then a reaction against) Realism (the popular alternative to unpleasant realism): Well Made Play Naturalism (a component of realism) then Modernism which includes: Expressionism (a reaction against the boringness of realism, the world as percieved subjectively) Symbolism Dadaism (craziness and peace) Surrealism (harnessing the power of the unconcious.) Brecht's Epic theatre (political) Experimental Theatre Post-Colonial Drama Contemporary (THAT'S WHERE WE ARE!) |
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Gordon Craig
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English director and designer
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Gordon Craig's innovations (8)
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mood and atmosphere
simplicity not realistic colour and shadow were a big deal used many shades of grey and brown Use of scale Giant screens basically felt like actors were annoying tools of the art form. |
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Surrealism
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A modernist movement mostly exploring the unconscious mind (Freud)
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Dada
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Craziness, avant-garde, not into war. early 1900s.
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Characteristics of Expressionism (16)
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Subjective states presented via distortion
De-emphasis on individuals pared down dialogue frequently used to convey violent emotion stylized acting/masks intentionally unreal acting style exaggerated gesture frequent experimentation episodic structure scenes often change quickly. non-linear logic distorted settings; lighting effects play with size and perspective shadows used a lot Bold, nightmarish images. Psycho-expression and socio-expression |
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Savoy Theatre
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first electric lighting
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Appia
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was a Swiss architect and theorist of stage lighting and décor. Appia is best known for his many scenic designs for Wagner’s operas.
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both Craig and Appia...
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were ahead of the technological possibilities of their time.
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How Brecht felt about the focus on Self of expressionism.
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He didn't like it. Thought it was shallow and dumb.
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Agit Prop
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agitation propaganda plays (1920s)
stereotyped, almost cartoonish characters, slapstick action, exaggerated dialogue, and almost always concluded with a call to action: to strike, to revolt, etc. |
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Soviet doctrine of Socialist Realism
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(1932 officially adopted policy) promotes leftist realistic plays like Awake and Sing (Odet) and Bury the Dead (Irwin Shaw)
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Waiting for Lefty
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Agit Prop play by Clifford Odets
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Clifford Odets
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Socialist playwright. Eventually sold out to Hollywood. Lame.
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Brecht's epic theory:
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wanted to support Marxist views.
didn't want catharsis, wanted thought provoked. wanted analysis. viewer is challenged by the content (not pleasant) |
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Epic Theatre scenes...
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exist for themselves, not just to forward the plot. They each have something worth thinking about in them.
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Staging of Brechtian Theatre: (5)
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Half Curtains
not realistic projection the process of showing must be shown Most reminiscent of shakespeare |
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Gestus
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is an acting technique developed by the German theatre practitioner Bertolt Brecht. It carries the sense of a combination of physical gestures and "gist" or attitude. It is a means by which "an attitude or single aspect of an attitude" is revealed, insofar as it is "expressible in words or actions."
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Verfremdung:
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Often translated as alienation. Making strange, stripping an event of its self-evident, familiar, obvious quality and creating a sense of astonishment and curiosity about them.
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Martha Graham's style
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invented and evolved a dance technique as rigorous and complex as the one developed over centuries in Ballet
psychological, deeply introspective, “her dances lunge for the jugular and kick at the gonads”. |
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Martha Graham's 3 principles
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contraction
spiral release |
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How did Martha Graham color her mouth?
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Aggressively.
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Criterion of value
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doesn't always apply to experimental work.
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Theatre of the Absurd (3)
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A dark reaction to WWII, the Holocaust, and the Atomic Bomb.
Life is essentially absurd. The content and language don't convey the message. The feel of the piece is the message. It's an umbrella term, few playwrights the same even in the genre. |
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Beckett
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most famous Absurdist playwright.
Godot, Play, etc. Irish. |
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Experimental theatre is inherently
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elitist
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In theatre there will always be
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experimenters
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Merce Cunningham
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experimental and acrobatic dancer
known for jumping pioneer in dance |
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Merce Cunningham's process elements (3)
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-chance
coin or dice to determine the order of phrases ways the human mind wouldn’t work on their own all live theatre has an element of uncertainty -use of stage space corners, sides, centre all equally important worked a lot with filming dance in new ways -separated the components of dance music, visual elements, and dance all equal and created independantly different music for the same dances |
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Pina Bausch
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German
Dancer and choreographer experimenter observant of people's bodies and movement. |
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Josef Svoboda
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(May 10, 1920 – April 8, 2002) was a Czech artist and scenic designer.
Experimented with projection and design. Saw himself a scenographer rather than a designer. |
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Post-Colonial Theatre
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Theatre as an anti-imperialist tool
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Post-Colonialism
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a reaction against, en effort to dismantle, the entire constellation that forms the colonial environment (power structures, institutions, language, education, religion, art, etc.)
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Post Colonial Playwrights (5)
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- Wole Soyinka
- Derek Walcott - Ama Ata Aidoo - Jack Davis - Tomson Highway |
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Tomson Highway
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- Canadian Playwright, post colonial style, wrote the Rez Sisters
- One of the founding members of Native Earth Performing Arts (Theatre Company) |
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Aboriginal Theatre (6)
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- Lack of central conflict
- Absence of single central character - Evidence of exploitation; rapescenes - Portrayal of dysfunction - Inclusion of mythic characters - Use of colonial language |
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Native Earth + Key Actors
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- Opened in 1982
- Some Daniel David Moses, Drew Hayden Taylor,Yvette Nolan, Billy Merasty, Ben Cardinal, Beatrice Mosioner,Monique Mojica, Armand Garnet Ruffo |
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The Rez Sisters
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- Story of 7 Ojibway Women + their passion for Bingo
- trickster character: Nanabush - Symbolism of their bodies being the arena for colonization |
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Drew Hayden Taylor
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ojibway
satiric former AD of Native Earth |
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Traits of Native Theatre
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does not follow the well made playoften have a trickster character
underlying spirituality disciplines include dance, song, mask, ritual, myth, movement, and storytelling other themes: Neocolonialism, spirits, healing, a connection with the earth. stories of survival |
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Michel St. Denis
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Michel Saint-Denis, was a French actor, theater director, and drama theorist whose ideas on actor training have had a profound influence on the development of European theater from the 1930s on.
Founded Juilliard and National Theatre School |
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Laurence Olivier
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British actor, perhaps the greatest of all time.
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Judy Dench
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Awesome.
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Michel Tremblay
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Les Belles Soeurs. QC. Playwright.
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The Quiet revolution
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1960s cultural and political revolution in Quebec.
Move away from the catholic church. Seperation from canada and france. |
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Robert Thomson
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Lighting designer
head at shaw until 1997 does dance, ballet, theatre and opera designed for Stratford taught at Ryerson, Sheridan, and National Theatre School |
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Ronnie Burkett
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Canadian puppeteer
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Camelia Koo
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set design and costume design, contemporary canadian
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Richard Feren
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contemporary canadian, sound designer
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Chris Abram
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Director
likes to challenge audiences mentored by Daniel Brooks Canadian contemporary |
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Why was Svoboda a leading 20th century scenographer? (5)
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•Realizedin practice the theories of Appiaand Craig with respect to the kinetic potential of scenery & lights
•Activelyinvolved in inventing and experimenting with technologies supporting thekinetic potential of the stage as a “psycho-plasticspace” •Createdscenography that could dynamically reflect the changing emotional tones of aplay.•Usedlight as atmosphere, as projected image, and as material scenic element(quartz-halogen light) •Broughtmodern, contemporary design to proscenium stages and classical productions |
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“Fiverules”
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Michel Fokine's rules for dance
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Fokine's innovations to ballet
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•Restoringstatus of male dancers in ballet•Minimizingmimed actions
•Diversifyingballet costumes •Creatingtightly organized, one-act ballets•Promotingemotional connection between dancers |
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Les Belles Soeurs
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both realistic and non-realistic elements
joual 15 women issues or marriage and abortion |
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•CarloGoldoni
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–TheServant of Two Masters
–Mirandolina –ReformedCommedia by reconciling it to written drama |
