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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much heat does a human produce on average? |
100 watts |
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What is energy? |
The ability to do work. |
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What is work? |
The ability to displace an object against a force. |
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What is a force? |
A push or pull. |
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What is kinetic energy? |
The energy associated with movement. |
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What did Joseph Black develop in 1750? |
The caloric theory of heat. |
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What is Rule 1 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
All objects have a certain amount of caloric. |
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What is Rule 2 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
.Caloric flows from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects |
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What is Rule 3 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
If caloric flows out, temperature decreases. If caloric flows in, temperature increases. |
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What is Rule 4 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
When matter is broken, lots of caloric is released. |
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What is Rule 5 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
Caloric is more strongly attracted to some objects than others. |
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What is Rule 6 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
Caloric is massless, odorless, tasteless and invisible, but can be felt. |
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What is Rule 7 of the Caloric Theory of Heat? |
Caloric cannot be created or destroyed. |
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How is the caloric theory wrong? |
The caloric theory cannot explain creating heat by friction. |
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Who proposed the kinetic molecular theory? |
Sir Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle. |
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What is the 1st rule of the Kinetic Molecular Theory? |
All matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules |
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What is the 2nd rule of the Kinetic Molecular Theory? |
Molecules are separated by empty space, with the distance between them large relative to their size. |
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What is the 3rd rule of the Kinetic Molecular Theory? |
Molecules are constantly in motion. |
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What is the 4th rule of the Kinetic Molecular Theory? |
When heat is added, the kinetic energy (therefore speed) of the molecules increases. When heat is removed, kinetic energy (and speed) of the molecules decreases. |
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What is temperature? |
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. |
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What is heat? |
Heat is energy transferred from one substance to another due to temperature difference. |
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What are the temperature scales? |
Fahrenheit (F) Celcius (C) Kelvin (C) |
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What is absolute zero? |
0K or the temperature at which all particle movement stops. |
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What is thermal energy? |
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy in a substance as a result of the random motion of its molecules. |
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What is the primary source of heat? |
The primary source of heat is thermal energy. |
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What are the indirect sources of heat? |
Electric potential energy Chemical potential energy Kinetic energy Mechanical energy |
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What are the types of mechanical energy? |
Friction, percussion, compression, distortion. |
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What is food used for? |
Food is used by humans to provide chemical potential energy, which is then turned into thermal energy. |
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How many joules in one Calorie? |
4180 joules |
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What is specific heat capacity? |
Due to the strength of the intermolecular bonds and their degrees of freedom, substances can absorb more or less heat without changing temperature. |
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What is the formula for specific heat capacity? |
Q = McΔT |
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What does Q represent? |
Q is heat measured in joules. |
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What does M represent? |
M is mass measured in kilograms. |
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What does ΔT represent? |
ΔT represents change in temperature. |
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What does C represent? |
C represents specific heat capacity measured in J/kg°C |
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What is thermal expansion? |
When substances are heated, they expand with specific amounts depending on the type of substance. |
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What is the formula for thermal expansion? |
ΔL = LΧΔT |
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What does ΔL represent? |
ΔL represents change in length, measured in meters. |
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What is ΔT? |
ΔT is change in temperature, measured in degrees celsius. |
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What does X represent? |
X represents the coefficient of linear expansion in per degrees celsius (/C). |
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How many joules in one calorie? |
4.18 J |
