Therio Equine 3

Front 1

Since the official birthdate for many horse breeds is ______, and most horses cycle in _______, it means their ovulatory periods must be ______

Back 1

Jan 1, April, Advanced

Front 2

Can we eliminate the transitional period in horses?

What can we do to work with it?

Back 2

No, we can just move it


1. Regumate
2. Change the light cycle (16 hrs)

Front 3

T/F Semen causes metritis in the mare

Can this lead to other problems in pregnancy?

Back 3

True

This can cause a problem in some mares that cannot evacuate the semen afterwards, setting up for a lasting metritis that is not a good environment for a foal

Front 4

T/F You can diagnose mares susceptible to uterine infections often just by rectal palpation

Which mares are more likely to be susceptible ones?

Back 4

False

Poor conformation, older, fat mares that have suddenly lost a lot of weight and have excess tissue

Front 5

"2/3 of the perineum should be ______"

What angle do you not want for the external genitalia?

Back 5

" below the pelvic rim"

> 10 degrees is bad because fecal material is likely to fall into the vulva

Front 6

Which breed would you expect to see pre-pubic tendon rupture?

What are the signs of this condition?

Back 6

Old draft mares as they have big babies

Reluctance to walk, **ventral edema, painful abdomen, **May see blood in the milk

Front 7

What is the treatment for a prepubic tendon rupture and what is the prognosis?

Back 7

If > 330 days, induce parturition and help the mare in delivery

If < 330 days, bandage the abdomen to provide additional support

The prognosis is poor; mares often need a C-section, it is likely to happen again, and so mares tend to be put down.

Front 8

Describe these two changes that occur in old mares:

Splanchnoptosis
Uterine Cysts

Back 8

Splanchnoptosis: Downward displacement of the uterus into the abdomen

Uterine Cysts: Can occlude the uterine lumen, preventing the movement of fluid

Front 9

What is the risk of arthrogryphosis in the foal for the following presentations?

Posterior
Transverse

These may account for why you cannot manually correct the position.

Back 9

Posterior 20x risk
Transverse 200x risk

Front 10

T/F Hydrops is rare in the mare

Back 10

True

Front 11

** What are some things that can cause a uterine tear? Know they can appear suddenly.

** Know that severe uterine tears can cause ______

** Know only about _____ survive

Back 11

Fetal mutation, fetotomy, violent movements in the birthing process

Peritonitis

1/3

Front 12

If a mare with an acute uterine artery rupture doesn't immediately bleed out (say it bled into the mesometrium), what should you do for her?

Back 12

Stall rest, fluids, try to keep her from moving, may sedate her, surgery does not really help chances of survival.

Front 13

What is the fungus responsible for the signs in fescue toxicosis?

What may be the first presenting sign you see?

When should you move the mares off of the fescue?

What is a drug that you can give in an emergency if the mare could not be moved off pasture?

Back 13

Ergot alkaloids from: Neotyphodium coenophialum

Agalactia

At least the last 90 days of pregnancy

Domperidone, but it will take 3-5 days before the mare starts lactating

Front 14

What can cause hypoplastic ovaries in a mare?

Do we use the word cyst to describe follicular pathologies in the mare?

Back 14

1. Chromosomal abnormalities
2. Atrophies with age
3. Given exogenous hormones
4.Equine cushing's or steroid use

No; you use "cyst" in cows, "follicles" in mares

Front 15

T/F Anovulatory follicles are fairly common in mares

T/F Most of these anovulatory follicles spontaneously regress

T/F The anovulatory follicles that regress are not likely to return next cycle

Anovulatory follicles that ______ are responsive to _______, versus those that ____ and are not responsive to drugs.

Back 15

T

T

T

Luteinize, PGF2a, Regress

Front 16

What will you give to eliminate a persistent CL?

Why are ovarian hematomas called "Autumn follicles" and what is their treatment?

Back 16

PGF2a

They tend to appear at the beginning and end of the breeding season. Just wait for the mare to cycle again.

Front 17

A persistent CL is one that fails to regress after _____ days in the mare.

Back 17

14-16 days post ovulation

Front 18

What is the most common ovarian tumor in the mare and is it benign or malignant?

Back 18

Granulosa cell tumor

Benign

Front 19

At what age should you call a stallion a cryptorchid?

At what age are most stallions sexually mature?

T/F Stallions have all of the accessory sex glands

What modulates seasonality in the stallion? Ex: What makes his sperm production be 60% of normal in the winter?

Back 19

6 months old

5 years old

True

Melatonin, released onto the pineal based on the daylength

Front 20

How long does it take a stallion to produce a mature sperm?

Daily sperm output is directly related to _______

Back 20

57 days

Testicular size

Front 21

What are some noninfectious causes of infertility in the stallion?

When is torsion of the spermatic cord a major problem?

Back 21

Trauma to the testes and scrotum (treat with ice baths, NSAIDs, broad spectrum antibiotics)

Psychological trauma = most important

Torsion of the spermatic cord

When torsion is > 180 degrees

Front 22

What is the difference between a hydrocele and a hematocele?

Back 22

Hydrocele = clear fluid between the vaginal tunic layers

Hematocele = Blood between the layers of the vaginal tunic

Front 23

T/F Steroid administration can lead to testicular degeneration and hypoplasia

Back 23

True - why athletes taking steroids are shooting blanks :-)

Front 24

What is the most common cutaneous neoplasm of the penis/prepuce?

Back 24

SCC

Front 25

Name two viral diseases that can cause infertility in the stallion.

Back 25

Equine Viral Arteritis

Coital Exanthema (EHV-3)