Therapy Ed Chapter 7 Sensory Processing Disorders/ Seizures

Front 1

3 categories of sensory processing disorders

Back 1

Sensory modulation disorders

Sensory-based motor disorder

sensory discrimination disorder

Front 2

Sensory modulation disorder (SMD)

Back 2

Include:

- Sensory overresponsivity

- Sensory underresponsivity

- Sensory seeking/craving

Front 3

Sensory- based motor disorder (SBMD)

Back 3

Include:

-Dyspraxia

- Postural disorders

Front 4

Sensory discrimination disorders (SDD)

Back 4

Include:

-Visual

-Auditory

-Tactile

-Vestibular

-Proprioception

- Taste/smell

Front 5

Presenting Signs and symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorders

Back 5

-frustration with every day activity
-difficulty with play and social situations
-difficulty planning and sequencing
-difficulty with goal directed action on environment
-over-responsive to ordinary touch
-under-responsive to tactile stimuli
-impaired stereognosis
-proprioceptive processing disorders
-vestibular (hypo, hypersensitve to mvmt)
-sensory based motor disorders (dyspraxia-can't plan movements)

Front 6

Deficits in Tactile Discrimination

Back 6

1. difficulty interpreting tactile info in precise/efficient manner

- contributes to impaired body scheme

-awkward fine/gross motor tasks & impaired manipulation

2. difficulty w/ localizing tactile stimuli

- impaired stereognosis/decreased fine motor & eye-hand coordination. (bad w/ writing / cutting)

Front 7

Proprioceptive processing disorders

Back 7

1.deficits in modulation

2. poor awareness of body position/parts

3. clumsiness, awkwardness

4. distractibility

5.motor planning & movement difficulties

6. reliance on visual cues or other cog. strategies

7. seeks heavy resistance & pressure

8. poor awareness of personal space

Front 8

Vestibular processing disorder manifestations

Back 8

Deficits in modulation = hypo, hypersensitive to mvmt

Gravitational insecurity: excessive fear during typical activities especially when feet are off the ground. Wary to do walk on uneven terrain, jump, using playground equipment etc.

Front 9

sensory based motor disorders

Back 9

-Deficits in proprioceptive & vestibular systems

-Dyspraxia = difficulty w/ planning movements, especially complex or new

-Postural disorders: decreased muscle tone impacting on stability

Front 10

OT eval for sensory processing disorders

Back 10

-patient interview
-teacher interview
-observe variety of settings
-reflexes, crossing midline, bilateral coordination, mm tone
-standardized tests for tactile, vestibular, visual

Front 11

Seizure Disorders

Back 11

-Abnormal bursts of electricity interfere with normal brain function
-often associated with conditions that cause scarring in the brain (TBI, CP, hydrocephalus, metabolic, infection, rubella)

Front 12

Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures

Back 12

-Most common type in children
-Brief warning/aura such numbness, taste, smell

-tonic phase (stiffening of body, LOC, drooling, heavy breathing)
-Clonic phase (alternating rigidity and relaxation)
-then Postictal state (drowsiness, disorientation, fatigue)

Front 13

Myoclonic-akinetic seizures

Back 13

-Not the same as infantile myoclonic seizures
-Brief, involuntary jerking of extremities with or without LOC

-Akinetic seizures include a loss of tone
- Myoclinoic akinetic seizures are difficult to control

Front 14

Absence or petit mal seizures

Back 14

-typically between 4-12 years old
-LOC without loss of muscle tone
-child does not fall, but doesn't recall episode or lapse in time

Front 15

Simple partial seizures

Back 15

-abnormal electrical impulses in localized area of brain
-involuntary jerking of L hand and arm, but can maintain interaction with environment
-may become generalized and result in LOC

Front 16

Complex partial or psychomotor seizures

Back 16

-symptoms vary
-alterations in consciousness and unresponsiveness
-automatic motions (lip smacking, repetitive mvmts)
-visual or auditory sensations occur just before seizure

Front 17

Infantile spasms or West syndrome, infantile myoclonic seizures or jackknife epilepsy

Back 17

-begins at 3-9 mos
-dropping of head and flexion of arms
-prognosis is poor
-may occur hundreds of times a day
-sometimes decrease after several years, but often replaced with other seizure disorders
-often indicate underlying disorder

Front 18

Lennax-Gastaut syndrome

Back 18

-children with severe seizures, mental retardation, and specific EEG pattern
-seizures of different types begin during 1st 3 years and difficult to control
-associated with various brain disorders
-regression of developmental status in some cases

Front 19

Landau-Kleffer syndrome (acquired epileptic aphasia)

Back 19

-progressive encephalopathy
-loss of language
-auditory agnosia (can't distinguish different sounds)
-behavioral disturbances

Front 20

Simple febrile seizures

Back 20

-most common type
-5-10% of kids under 5, follows a fever
-less than 10 minutes
-LOC and involuntary jerking (like grand mal)
-do not cause damage or lead to epilepsy

Front 21

Impact on Occupational performance

Back 21

Medication to control the seizures may affect individual's alertness and learning potential

Amount of brain damage incurred by the seizures & associated condition & effects of medication can influence all occupational performance areas

Front 22

Intervention for seizure disorders

Back 22

1. first aid
-remove objects, lower gently to floor and loosen clothing, turn on side, cpr if stop breathing
2. post-seizure care
-allow rest, call physician if 1st or >5 min, emergency contact, observation

Front 23

OT eval and intervention for seizures

Back 23

-assess and intervene for developmental delays
-observe all medical and safety precautions
-document and report seizure activity