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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmakonetics
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Involves the dynamics associated with the movement of drugs across cell membranes
Includes: Absorption Distribution Metabolism/Biotransformation Excretion |
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Bioavailability
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Bioavailability
Indicates the fractional extent to which a dose of drug reaches its site of action. The bioavailability of a drug is more useful to the clinician than absorption because it takes into account anatomical, physiological, and pathological factors. |
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Passive Diffision
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High to low
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Active Diffision
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low to high uses ATP
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Distribution
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Bound to proteins
Free or unbound to proteins |
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Metabolism (Biotransformation)
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Phase I
Phase II |
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Phase I Biotransformation
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Phase I reactions involve the following, with enzymes associated with each process:
Hydrolysis Adds water Introduces -OH groups Reduction Azo, nitro, carbonyl, disulfide, sulfoxide Oxidation Results in COOH functionality |
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Phase II Biotransformation
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Includes:
Glucuronidation Sulfonation Acetylation Methylation Conjugation Glutathione Mercapturic acid Amino acids Glycine Glutamic acid |
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Elimination Half Life
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Elimination half-life is defined as the time it takes for the plasma concentration or the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by 50%.
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Steady State
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The steady state of a drug is defined as the time required for an amount of drug in the blood to decline to one-half its measured value and is dependent on the dosing rate and clearance.
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List 3 components withub Biotransformation Phase 1 enzymes
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Hydrolysis
Reduction Oxidation |
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Pharmacodynamics
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Mechanism of action
Factors that influence drug effects and drug dosage |
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Mechanisms of Action
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Drugs
Receptors |
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Factors that Influence Drug Effects and Drug Dosage
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Drug Toxicity
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Naming of Drugs
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Chemical name
Generic name Proprietary or trade name |
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Antibiotics
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Aminoglycosides:
Amikacin Gentamicin Tobramycin Peak and trough levels Vancomycin |
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Antiepieptic Drugs
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Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Phenobarbital Phenytoin (Dilantin) Primidone (Mysoline) Topiramate Valproic acid (Depakene or Depakote) |
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Antihypertensive Drugs
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Sodium niroprusside
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Antineoplastics
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Methotresate
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Antipsychotic Drugs
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Lithium
treatment for depression |
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Bronchodilators
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Theophylline
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Cardioactive
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Digoxin
Lidocaine Procainamide N-acetylprocainamide Quinidine Disopyramide |
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Immunosuppressive Drugs
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Cyclosporine A
Selectively inhibits proliferation and activation of CD4+ cells FK 506 (tacrolimus) |
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What are the four analytical techniques for measuring therapeutic drugs
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Immunoassays
Gas chromatography Liquid chromatography Mass spectroscopy |
