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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two intra-uterine contraceptive methods?
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Copper T (ParaGard)
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena) |
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What IUC can be used off label for emergency contraception?
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Copper T IUD
(up to 5 days after sex) |
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Levonogestrel IUS and Implant has what side effects because it is progestin only ?
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reduced bleeding
mood changes acne headaches ovarian cysts, breast tenderness |
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What are contraindications to the IUC methods?
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pelvic infection or endometriosis in last 3 mo
cervical/endometrial cancer current breast cancer (LNG only) |
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How long are the IUC effective?
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Copper T = 10 yrs
LNG = 5 yrs Implant = 3yrs |
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What is the injectable contraceptive?
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Depo-provera
(medroxyprogesterone) |
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How often does depo-provera have to be injected?
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every 11-13 weeks
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What are adverse effects of depo-provera?
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weight gain
amenorrhea loss of bone mineral density delayed return to fertility (10 months) |
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What are the two formulations for progestin only pills?
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norethindrone
norgestrel |
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What are contraindications to combined hormonal contraceptives?
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Hx of DVT, PE, stroke, CHD, heart disease, breast cancer, HTN, liver disease, diabetes, migraines
smoking lactating or < 21 days postpartum |
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What combined oral contraceptives are approved for extended or continuous contraception?
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Seasonale
Seasonique Lybrel |
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The transdermal (OrthoEvra) contraceptive patch releases what 2 things into the bloodstream?
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norelgestromin
ethinyl estradiol |
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How long does the NuvaRing last?
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3 weeks followed by a ring free week
(but ring contains meds for 4 weeks) |
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What are the 4 emergency contraception methods?
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Plan B
Next Choice TM Yuzpe method Copper T IUD (all contain levonorgestrel) |
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How soon should Plan B or Next Choice be taken to avoid conception?
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within 72 hrs
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Risk of UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis may be increased in women who use what form of contraception?
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diaphragm
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How long is the sponge effective in contraception?
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up to 24 hrs
(should be left in at least 6 hrs after last intercourse) |
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The sponge is less effective in what women?
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gravid women
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How long should back up contraception be used after a vasectomy?
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15-20 ejaculation
or about 12 wks |
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What are the two tubal microinserts for contraception?
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Essure
Adiana |
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Abortions are a contraindication for tubal microinsert placement if they have occurred how recently?
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6 wks for essure
3 months for adiana |
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A patient with an allergy to nickel cannot receive what contraceptive?
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Essure tubal microinsert
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What are the two OTC 3rd generation antihistamines?
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loratadine (Claritin)
cetirizine (Zyrtec) |
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What are 2 OTC antihistamines used for topical opthalmic use?
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pheniramine maleate (Opcon-A)
antazoline phosphate (Vasocon-A) |
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What are the 2 OTC systemic decongestants?
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pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) |
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What drugs interact with decongestants?
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MAOIs, Methyldopa, TCAs
(all increase BP) urinary acidifiers (increases elimination) urinary alkalinizers (decreases elimination) |
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What are the short acting (4-6 hrs) OTC topical decongestants?
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ephedrine
epinephrine naphazoline phenylephrine tetrahydrozoline |
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What is an intermediate acting (8-10 hrs) OTC topical decongestant?
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xylometazoline (Otrivin)
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What is a long acting OTC topical decongestant?
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oxymetazoline (Afrin)
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What condition can arise if topical decongestants are used for more than 3-5 days?
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rhinitis medicamentosa
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What topical decongestant is preferred during pregnancy?
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oxymetazoline (Afrin)
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Nasal decongestants containing what preparations should be avoided by breastfeeding women?
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xylometazoline
naphazoline |
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What are 2 systemic OTC antitussives?
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dextromethorphan
diphenhydramine |
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What antitussive should not be prescribed to the elderly because of its side effects?
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dextromethorphan
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What OTC drug has a euphoric effect similar to PCP?
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dextromethorphan
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Diphenhydramine should not be used in pts with what conditions?
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narrow angle glaucoma
peptic ulcer pyloroduodenal obstruction prostate hypertrophy bladder neck obstruction asthma hyperthyroidism cardiovascular disease hypertension |
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Diphenhydramine may cause what in children and elderly patients?
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paradoxical excitation, restlessness, irritability
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What is the only OTC expectorant?
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guaifenesin
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What OTC drug has a mild uricosuric effect and may cause urolithiasis at high doses?
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guafenesin
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What is the only OTC med used to treat heartburn?
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omeprazole
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What are 4 OTC antacids?
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Tums
Titralac Maalox Mylanta |
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Antacids have a risk of systemic effects or electrolyte imbalances in patients with what condition?
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chronic renal failure
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What are the 4 OTC H2 receptors blockers?
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cimetidine (Tagamet)
ranitidine (Zantac) famotidine (Pepcid) nizatidine (Axid) |
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Which OTC H2 receptor blocker inhibits CYP450?
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cimetadine
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Which OTC H2 receptor blocker has antiandrogen effects?
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cimetadine
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Which H2 receptor blockers inhibit renal clearance of drugs?
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cimetadine
ranitidine |
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Which H2 blocker has the most side effects and which has the least?
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Cimetidine = most
Nizatidine = least |
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What medications should not be given with antacids?
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azithromycin
digoxin fluoroquinolones ketoconazole iron isoniazid itraconazole tetracyclines |
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How do antipyretics work?
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inhibit PGE2
(reduces hypothalamic set point) |
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Patients with diarrhea lasting how long should not self treat?
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> 4 wks (chronic)
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What are the 2 ways that antidiarrheals work?
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thicken the stool
slow intestinal spasms |
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What is the active ingredient in antispasmodic antidiarrheals/
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Loperamide
(in Imodium, Kaopectate, Pepto diarrhea control) |
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What are the adsorbent OTC antidiarrheals (bind to bacteria or toxin and eliminate it in the stool)?
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bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
kaolin-pectin activated charcoal attapulgite (Kaopectate) |
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What are anticholinergic antidiarrheals?
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belladonna alkaloids (Donnatal)
atropine hyoscyamine |
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What is an intestinal flora modifier used to treat diarrhea?
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L. acidophilus (Lactinex)
(suppresses growth of diarrhea causing bacteria) |
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Loperamide should not be used in pts with what condition?
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pseudomembranous colitis
(fecal leukocytes, high fever, blood or mucus in stool) |
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What two conditions may develop if loperamide is used in pts < 6 years old?
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life-threatening ileus
toxic megacolon |
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Emolient laxatives contain what ingredients?
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docusate sodium
docusate calcium docusate potassium (used mainly to prevent constipation) |
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What is the only OTC lubricant laxative?
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liquid petrolatum (mineral oil)
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What is the primary hyperosmotic laxative?
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glycerin
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What is the anthraquinone derivative stimulant laxative?
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Senna
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What is the only diphenylmethane derivative stimulant laxative?
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bisacodylis
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