Therapeutics

Front 1

an infection acquired in a health care setting in a previously uninfected patient

Back 1

healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Front 2

infections acquired unrealted to healthcare treatment

Back 2

community acquired

Front 3

proliferation of microorganisms on or within body sites without detectable host/immune response, cellular damage, or producation of a clinical infection

Back 3

colonization

Front 4

the absence of disease-causeing organisms

Back 4

asepsis

Front 5

in general refers to the removal of all foreign material from an object, usually done with water and mechanical scrubbing, possibly detergent

Back 5

cleaning

Front 6

washing with chemicals known to kill pathogens, such as iodine-based compounds, isoprophyl alcohol, or glutaraldehyde

Back 6

disinfection

Front 7

not sharing certain items between patients

Back 7

segregation

Front 8

locating patients with similar diagnoses on the same hospital unit to prevent spread of their infections to those not infected

Back 8

cohorting

Front 9

What are the 2 tiers of infection precasutions

Back 9

tier 1 standard precations tier 2 transmission precation

Front 10

do NOT use alcohol based waterless cleansers with patients who are on contact precautions for _________

Back 10

C-diff (clostridium difficile)

Front 11

what are the 4 types of tier 2 isolation precations

Back 11

contact,droplet, airborne, reverse (protective)

Front 12

N95 respirator (HEPA filter )should be worn for what type of tier 2 precaution

Back 12

airborne

Front 13

private rooms with negative pressure air flow are used in what type of tier 2 isolation?

Back 13

airborne

Front 14

patients with compromised immune systems should be in what tier 2 isolaition

Back 14

reverse (protective)

Front 15

A sterile object remains sterile only when it is touched by__________

Back 15

another sterile object

Front 16

a sterile object is considered contaminated when___

Back 16

out of range of vision or below waist line

Front 17

the two types of wounds

Back 17

those with loss of tissue and those without

Front 18

acute wounds without tissue loss, and are easily pulled close together iwth sutures, clips, or steri-strips healing quickly usually within 14 days and scaring is minimal and risk of infection low

Back 18

Primary Intention Healing

Front 19

Tissue is lost, cavity left so the wound has to be left open and heal from the bottom up with granulation tissue

Back 19

secondary intention healing

Front 20

a wound in which the edges could be pulled together and closed with sutures or staples, but is purposely left open for 3-5 days due to excessive drainage, hemorrhage, or infection in the wound before it is closed

Back 20

tertiary intention healing (delayed primary closure)

Front 21

four types of wound drainage

Back 21

serous, serosanginous, sanguinous, purulent

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clear and watery drainage

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serous

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a pale red and watery type of drainage (has some red blood cells in it)

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serosanginous

Front 24

frank blood a thick type of drainage

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sanguinous

Front 25

liquified necrotic tissue, pus

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purulent

Front 26

4 types of wound complications

Back 26

dehiscence, evisceration, fistula, enterocutaneous fistula

Front 27

partial seperation of wound layers at the surface of the wound, most occur with abdominal wounds (after abdominal surgery it typically occurs around the 7th postoperative day if its going to) obese patients are especially risk because of the constant strain on the owund, plus fatty tissue heals poorley

Back 27

dehiscence

Front 28

_______drainage occurring more than 48 hours after a wound is closed may be a sign of impending dehiscence, if it occurs place the patient in LOW fowlers with knees bent to decrease the tension

Back 28

serosanguinous

Front 29

total separation of all layers of a wound with protrusion of abdominal organs a MEDICAL EMERGENCY

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evisceration

Front 30

an abnormal passageway connecting one epithelial surface with another

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fistula

Front 31

an abnormal passageway connection an epithelial surface with an organ once they form a stoma ("mouth" at surface of ski) they can only be healed by surgically removeing

Back 31

enterocutaneous fistula

Front 32

3 types of drains

Back 32

penrose, jackson-pratt (JP), hemovac

Front 33

for cleaning clean, non infected wounds use ____all of which deliver a force of __________

Back 33

bulb syringe, piston syringe with no needle, or a gravity drip through IV tubing; a force of 2-4 pounds psi

Front 34

for infected wounds a _____cc syringe with a ____guage needle works well and delivers about ____psi

Back 34

35cc, 19 gauge needle, 8 lb psi

Front 35

flow pressure should be between ___-___ fro non infected wounds

Back 35

4-15 psi

Front 36

force pressure of ___ for infected wounds

Back 36

30 psi

Front 37

___ solutions are used with low pressure cleaning of wounds

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sterile

Front 38

normal saline is used except when dressing or ointments incorporate_____

Back 38

silver

Front 39

irrigate from ____ to____

Back 39

least to most contaminated (the wound is considered less contaminated then the surrounding skin)

Front 40

two types of necrotic tissue that may appear in wounds

Back 40

slough, eschar

Front 41

loose, stringy, hydrated tissue that is usually yellow

Back 41

slough

Front 42

dehydrated, think, leathery tissue that is usually black

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eschar

Front 43

types of debridement

Back 43

mechanical, autolytic, enzymatic, biological, surgical (sharp)

Front 44

romoval of dead tissue by direct pressure or force, (wet-dry, pulsed low pressure irrigation, whirlpool)

Back 44

mechanical debridement

Front 45

covering the wound with a transparent occlusive synthetic dressing such as a transparent (tegaderm). It seals the wound, akeeps it moist and allows dead tissue to be "self-diegested" by the body

Back 45

autolytic debridement

Front 46

application of a topical enzyme ointment that breaks down dead tissue

Back 46

enzymatic debridement

Front 47

using sterile maggots

Back 47

biological debridement

Front 48

using a scalpel or scissors or sharp instrument to cut away dead tissure

Back 48

surgical ( sharp) debridement

Front 49

transpearent film is good on what kind of wounds

Back 49

superficial wounds with little draingage

Front 50

on an infected wound use what kind of dressing

Back 50

dry gauze with topical antibiotics packed light but full

Front 51

wet-to-dry dressings should never be used on what kind of wound

Back 51

clean granulating wounds that contain no dead tissue

Front 52

how often should a wet-to-dry or wet to moist dressingbe changed

Back 52

twice daily

Front 53

an occlusive type dressing impermeable to water, water vapor, and oxygen, good for partial and full thickness wounds with minimum to moderate drainage (not very obsorbant and shouldnt' be applied to infected owunds)

Back 53

hydrocolloid (duo-derm)

Front 54

available as sheets, impregnated gauze or gels. they keep dry wounds moist and sooth and cool the wound (often used for thermal burns and painful sounds) needs to be changed daily

Back 54

hydrogels

Front 55

made of highly absorbant material manufactured from seaweed-can absorb up to 40 times their own weight in fluid (good for wounds which drain copiously change every 1/2 -3 ddays DONT use on dry wounds)

Back 55

alginate

Front 56

which dressing would be best for full-thickness wounds with minimum to moderate drainage

Back 56

hydrocolloid (duo-derm

Front 57

Dont use alginate dressings on what kind of wound

Back 57

dry

Front 58

often used for thermal burns and painful wounds

Back 58

hydrogels