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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indications for the use of therapeutic ultrasound
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Acute and post-acute, conditions (non-thermal), Soft tissue healing and repair, Joint contractures and scar tissue, Spasticity, Chronic inflammation, Reduce muscle spasm, Pain modulation, Increase protein synthesis, Bone healing (LIPUS), Neuroma, Trigger points, Warts
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Contraindications for the use of therapeutic ultrasound
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Acute and post-acute(thermal effect), Ischemic areas Areas of impaired circulation including arterial disease, Thrombophlebitis, Over the eyes, heart, skull, genitals. reproductive organs, and pelvis immediately following menses, Pregnancy, Pacemaker, Cancerous tumors, Epiphysis areas in young children, Infections, Total joint replacements
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The propagation of the sound wave causes regions of high molecular density refereed to as __________(molecules are squeezed together) and low molecular density know as __________ (molecules are spread out, expand).
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Compression and rarefraction
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US penetrates tissue high in __________(low absorption rate) and is absorbed in dense tissues high in __________.
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Water and protein
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Determines the amount of US energy reflected at tissue interfaces.
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Acoustic Impedance
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2 forms of piezoelectric effects exist.
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Direct and Indirect.
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Treatment size should be 2-3 times the size of the crystal's _____.
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Effective Radiating Area (ERA)
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Collimated beam and absorbed more rapidly.
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Higher frequency (3 MHz), US treatment .
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Sound intensity remains constant throughout the treatment and US energy is delivered 100% of the time producing _____.
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Thermal and non-thermal effects
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Relationship between the amount of energy (watts) passing through the sound head’s ERA (energy per unit area).
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Spatial average intensity (SAI)
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Describes the average intensity during the “on” time of the pulse.
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Spatial average temporal peak intensity (SATP)
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Describes the consistency (uniformity) of the US output as a ratio between the SPI and SAI.
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Beam Non-uniformity Ratio (BNR)
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Reason we continue to move the US head to avoid hot spots (standing waves) and tissue damage caused by cavitation.
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High BNR
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Movement of fluids along cell membranes due to the mechanical pressure exerted by the sound waves.
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Acoustic streaming
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When bubbles expand and contract, without growing to critical size, the activity is called _____ ______ and leads to changes in cell permeability and diffusion rates.
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Stable cavitation
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The _____ the dosage _____ treatment time required
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Greater and less
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Substance used to decrease the acoustical impedance at the air-skin interface and thus facilitate the passage of the US energy.
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Coupling medium
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Three treatment techniques
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Direct, bladder, immersion
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Hairy individuals should consider shaving when using this treatment tecqhniue to limit increases in spatial average intensity through air bubble.
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Direct
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Good for irregular shaped areas and parts smaller than the US head.
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Immersion
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Need a gel on both sides to increase the contact and may need to have higher intensities.
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Bladder
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Types of stroking patterns.
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Circular and longitudinal.
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Factors affecting absorption of phonophoresis
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Age, composition, hydration, thickness
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Increases kinetic energy – dilates point of entry and increases circulation and permeability.
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Thermal or continous US
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1 MHz is usually affective in treating trigger points that are deep.
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Combo
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Transducer is placed 1” away from the body.
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Immersion
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When the transducer face angle is greater than 15° a large percentage of the energy will be reflected and the treatment will be minimal.
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Law of Cosine
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Goal is to vigorously heat the muscle and immediately perform PROM.
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4 degree C increase
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Treating the patella tendon to decrease pain
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3 MHz and moderate (2-3) degree increase
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Treating soleus to improve flexibility.
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1 MHz and vigorous increase.
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