Therapeutic Exercise. Therapeutic Modalities And Physical Agents Npte

Front 1

what type of muscle fiber has the lowest functional thresholds

Back 1

Slow twitch (type 1)

Front 2

Enumerate the order of recruitment of fiber types

Back 2

Slow twitch followed by Fast twitch IIa and finally followed by Fast twitch IIb motor units

Front 3

Hypertrophy as a result of resistance training can be observed after how many weeks of training

Back 3

6-8 weeks

Front 4

Muscle contraction to about how many percent of its force generating capacity causes blockage of blood flow to the working muscle

Back 4

60%

Front 5

Effects of Valsalva Maneuver

Back 5

1. Increases intrathoracic pressure

2. Slows heart rate

3. Decreases return of blood to the heart

4. Increases venous pressure

5. Increases cardiac work

Front 6

How many minutes is needed to return the muscle to 90%-95% of preexercise capacity after vigorous exercise

Back 6

3 to 4 minutes

Front 7

Causes of general muscular fatigue

Back 7

low blood sugar

decreased glycogen stores

depletion of potassium

Front 8

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness begins, peaks and lasts how many hours/days after exercise,

Back 8

Begins 12-24 hrs

Peaks 24-48 hrs

Can last up to 5-7 days

Front 9

What type of isotonic exercise mimics the length-tension curve of the muscle?

Back 9

Weight-lifting machines (Variable load)

Front 10

Describe the relationship of peak torque to angular velocity.

Back 10

Increasing angular velocity decreases peak torque

Front 11

This type of resistance exercise provides maximum resistance at all points n the ROM as the muscle contracts

Back 11

Isokinetic Exercise

Front 12

Compare the actual force generated by the muscle and the force that muscle produces during isokinetic testing

Back 12

Force produced in isokinetic testing is higher because of the gravity-produced torque.

Front 13

Which type of contraction consume less oxygen and fewer energy stores? Concentric or Eccentric?

Back 13

Eccentric

Front 14

Describe the parameters (Outcome, % of 1RM, Repetition range, Number of Sets and rest between sets) in LIGHT RESISTANCE EXERCISE

Back 14

Outcome: Muscular Endurance

% of 1 RM: <70

Repetition Range: 12-20

# of Sets: 1-3

Rest between sets: 20-30 seconds

Front 15

Describe the parameters (Outcome, % of 1RM, Repetition range, Number of Sets and rest between sets) in MODERATE RESISTANCE EXERCISE

Back 15

Outcome: Hypertrophy and Strength

% of 1 RM: 70-80

Repetition Range: 8-12

# of Sets: 1-3

Rest between sets: 30-120 seconds

Front 16

Describe the parameters (Outcome, % of 1RM, Repetition range, Number of Sets and rest between sets) in HEAVY RESISTANCE EXERCISE

Back 16

Outcome: Maximum Strength

% 1 RM: 80-100

Repetition Range: 1-8

# of Sets: 1-5+

Rest between Sets: 2-5 minutes

Front 17

What are the parameters (Reps, Hold and Rest interval) in ISOMETRIC EXERCISE

Back 17

Repetitions: 20 contractions

Hold: 5-6 seconds

Rest between contractions: 20 seconds

Front 18

Detraining occurs how many weeks after the person stop exercising?

Back 18

2 weeks

Front 19

Training level or target heart rate can be established at how many percent of maximum heart rate to increase AEROBIC CAPACITY

Back 19

70 percent

Front 20

A cardiorespiratory training effect can be achieved at a rating of _______ to _____ in RPE scale

Back 20

13-16 (Somewhat hard to Hard)

Front 21

What is the usual quality of air that precipitates Exercise induced asthma?

Back 21

Dry and Cold

Front 22

Describe the adjustments or acclimatization to higher altitudes:

Back 22

Takes 2 weeks at 2300 m and and additional week for every additional 600m

Front 23

Describe the relationship of VO2 max to altitude

Back 23

VO2 max is decreased 2% for every 300 m above 1500 m

Front 24

How much weight is recommended for Prolonged low-intensity mechanical stretching

Back 24

5-15 lbs to 10% of total body weight

Front 25

what type of contracture involves a musculotendinous unit that has adaptively shortened with loss of ROM. Usually involves two-jointed muscles. This type of contracture is reversible in a short time with gentle stretching exercises and active inhibition techniques

Back 25

Myostatic Contracture

Front 26

How is the progression in patients with Ataxic and Hyperkinetic movement disorders done?

Back 26

Progress from large range to small range movements and finally to holding steady (stability control)

Front 27

Describe the neutral position of the Pelvis:

Back 27

ASIS is level or slightly lower that PSIS

both ASIS are level

Front 28

Strength and endurance of what muscles should be emphasized to develop postural stability

Back 28

Multifidi and Abdominal Obliques

Front 29

Moving out of posture involves what type of contraction?

Moving in of posture involves what type of contraction?

Back 29

Moving out of posture: Eccentric

Moving in of posture: Concentric

Front 30

How to determine the appropriate ball size for stability ball training?

Back 30

1. Sitting on ball with feet flat, the ball height should place the hips and knees at 90 degree angles

2. Supine with ball under knees, the ball height should equal the distance between the greater trochanter and the knee

3. Quadruped, the ball height should equal the distance between the shoulder and the wrist

Front 31

Kitchen sink exercises is used to improve what aspect of physical function?

Back 31

Standing balance

Front 32

This term is used to describe abnormal shortening or lengthening of muscles and ligaments

Back 32

Postural stress syndrome

Front 33

This term is used to describe habituation of compensatory movement patterns that contribute to persistence of pain

Back 33

Movement Adaptation syndrome

Front 34

At these temperatures in aquatic therapy, patients have increased cardiovascular demands at rest and during exercise

Back 34

>37 degrees Celsius (98.6 Fahrenheit)

Front 35

At these temperatures in aquatic therapy, patients have difficulty maintaining core temperature

Back 35

<25 degrees Celsius (77 Fahrenheit)

Front 36

Enumerate the contraindications for Aquatic Exercise:

Back 36

1. Bowel and bladder incontinence
   
2. Severe kidney disease
3. Severe epilepsy
4. Severe cardiac or respiratory dysfunction (Cardiac failure, unstable angina, severely reduced VC, unstable BP)
5. severe peripheral vascular disease
6. large open wounds, skin infections, colostomy
7. bleeding or hemorrhage
8. water and airborne infections

Front 37

What are the Physiologic responses that are increased through general heat application

Back 37

Cardiac output

Pulse Rate

Metabolic Rate

Respiratory Rate

Vasodilation

Front 38

What are the physiologic responses that are decreased through general heat application

Back 38

Blood pressure

Stroke volume

Muscle activity

Blood flow to internal organs

blood flow to resting muscle

Front 39

Terry cloth cover equals to how many layers of towelling?

Back 39

4-6 layers

Front 40

water temperature of tank for hot packs

Back 40

165-170° Fahrenheit

Front 41

Self sterilizing temperature of paraffin wax bath

Back 41

175-180° Fahrenheit

Front 42

Melting temperature of Paraffin wax bath

Back 42

118-130° Fahrenheit

Front 43

Paraffin wax and mineral oil ratio?

Back 43

6:1 or 7:1

Front 44

In the absence of contamination, the contents of the paraffin bath must be changed at least every how many months?

Back 44

6 months

Front 45

Treatment temperature of paraffin wax bath

Back 45

125° Fahrenheit

Front 46

The specific heat of water is about how many times that of air?

Back 46

Four times

Front 47

What are the common antibacterial agents used for hydrotherapy?

Back 47

Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) 200ppm

Chloramine-T 100-200 ppm

Front 48

Treatment temperature of Whirlpool

Back 48

103-110°F

Front 49

Treatment temperature of Hubbard tank

Back 49

100°F

Front 50

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature of peripheral vascular disease

Back 50

95-100°F

Front 51

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature of open wounds

Back 51

92-96°F

Front 52

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature for spasticity

Back 52

92-96°F

Front 53

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature for cardiopulmonary compromise, and treatment of burns

Back 53

96-98°F

Front 54

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature for pain management

Back 54

99-104°F

Front 55

Hydrotherapy treatment temperature for chronic rheumatoid or osteoarthritis

Back 55

104-110°F

Front 56

Temperature range of therapeutic pool

Back 56

92-98°F

Front 57

Decreased physiologic effects of general cold application

Back 57

Metabolic rate

Pulse rate

Respiratory rate

Venous blood pressure

Front 58

Increased physiologic effects of general cold application

Back 58

blood flow to internal organs

cardiac output

stroke volume

Arterial blood pressure

Front 59

Cold packs should be maintained in refrigerated unit at what temperature?

Back 59

25°F (Giles)

0-10° (TherapyEd)

Front 60

Sequence of physiologic response in ice massage

Back 60

ICBAN

Intense Cold

Burning

Aching

Numbness

Front 61

Treatment area of ice massage

Back 61

4x6 inches or 10-15 cm

Front 62

Maintaining skin temperature above how many degrees Fahrenheit will minimize the risk of damaging tissue or producing frostbite?

Back 62

above 59° F

Front 63

Method of application of Vapocoolant Spray

Back 63

The spray should be applied at a 30 degree angle at a distance of 12-18 inches from the skin

Front 64

Temperature of water used for contrast baths

Back 64

Hot: 100-111°F (S), 104-106°F (G)

Cold: 55-65°F (S), 50-60°(G)

Front 65

Duration of hot water immersion and cold water immersion in contrast bath

Back 65

4 minutes Hot

1 minute Cold

Repeat for 20-30 minutes

Front 66

Rate of application in a) Ice Massage b) Vapocoolant Spray

Back 66

Ice Massage: 2 inches per second

Vapocoolant Spray: 4 inches per second

Front 67

Ultrasound has a frequency above how many hertz

Back 67

20 Khz

Front 68

Most commonly used transducer size

Back 68

5 cm2

Front 69

During continuous US, what characteristics are predominant?

Back 69

Spatial characteristics

Front 70

How is Spatial average intensity determined for ultrasound?

Back 70

The total power (watts) divided by the area (cm2) of the transducer head

watts/cm2

Front 71

Normal BNR ratio?

Back 71

between 2:1 to 6:1

Front 72

During pulsed US, what characteristics are more predominant?

Back 72

Temporal characteristics

Front 73

What is the duty cycle of pulse US

Back 73

50% or less

Front 74

the reduction of acoustical energy as it passes through soft tissue

Back 74

Attenuation

Front 75

What is the appropriate action when patient felt STRONG ache during ultrasound treatment

Back 75

decrease intensity

Front 76

movement of fluids along the boundaries of cell membranes resulting from mechanical pressure wave

Back 76

Acoustic streaming

Front 77

rate of transducer head movement in Ultrasound treatment

Back 77

1.5 inches per second

Front 78

This refers to the area of the transducer that transmit ultrasound energy

Back 78

Effective radiating area

Front 79

What is Beam non-uniformity ratio

Back 79

Ratio between spatial peak intensity and spatial-average intensity

Front 80

Describe the relationship of tissue content and absorption of ultrasound.

Back 80

More water = less absorption

More Protein or collagen = more absorption

Front 81

Depth of penetration of 1 Mhz Ultrasound

Back 81

up to 5 cm

Front 82

Depth of penetration of 3 Mhz Ultrasound

Back 82

1-2 cm

Front 83

Parameters of Phonophoresis (Mode, Intensity, Time)

Back 83

Mode: Pulsed 20%

Treatment Intensity: 1-3 w/cm2

Treatment time: 5-10 minutes

Front 84

Enumerate the different body tissues from the most to least protein/collagen content

Back 84

Be Careful To See My Newly Furnished Bed

Bone

Cartilage

Tendon

Skin

Muscle

Nerve

Fat/Fascia

Blood

Front 85

Shortwave diathermy has a radiofrequency range of up to ____

Back 85

300 MHz

Front 86

Shortwave diathermy has wavelength of no more than ___

Back 86

200 m

Front 87

SWD devices generally use a frequency of ___

Back 87

27.12 MHz

Front 88

What method does Inductive coil uses? and What method does Capacitive plates uses?

Back 88

Inductive coil: Magnetic field method

Capacitive Plates: Electric field method

Front 89

What type of SWD is better for superficial heating and what is better for deeper structure heating

Back 89

Superficial: Capacitive plates

Deep: Inductive Coil

Front 90

Which method of SWD causes electrical eddy currents

Back 90

Inductive coil

Front 91

What method of SWD is used for areas of low fat content and areas of high water content

Back 91

Low Fat content: Capacitive Plate

High Water content: Inductive coil

Front 92

Enumerate and describe the dosage guildelines for Diathermy

Back 92

I - No sensation of heat

II - Mild Heating sensation

III - Moderate Heating Sensation

IV - Vigorous heating that is tolerable below the pain threshold

Front 93

Dosage of cervical intermittent mechanical traction needed to stretch soft tissue or treat muscle spasm or disk protrusion

Back 93

10-15 lbs or 7-10% of the total body weight

Front 94

Dosage of cervical intermittent mechanical traction needed to cause joint distraction

Back 94

20-30 lbs or 13-20% of the total body weight

Front 95

Duration of cervical intermittent mechanical traction

Back 95

5-10 minutes for acute conditions or disk protrusion

20-30 minutes with other spinal conditions

Front 96

Position of the cervical spine in intermittent mechanical traction when targeting:

• Upper cervical spine
• Mid Cervical spine
• Lower cervical spine
• General positioning

Back 96

Upper Cervical Spine: 0-5º flexion

Mid Cervical Spine: 10-20º flexion

Lower cervical spine: 25-35º flexion

General positioning: 20-30º flexion

Front 97

Duty cycle recommended for spinal intermittent mechanical traction

Back 97

3:1

Front 98

Position of the hip joint during intermittent mechanical traction when the purpose is to increase the intervertebral space between:

• L5 to S1
  
• L3 to L4
  

Back 98

L5-S1: 45º-60º of flexion

L3-L4: 75º-90º of flexion

Front 99

Treatment force used for lumbar traction in

• acute phase
• disc protrusion, elongation of soft tissue
• Joint distraction

Back 99

Acute phase: 30-40 lbs

Disc protrusion, Elongation of Soft Tissues: 25% of TBW

Joint distraction: 50% of TBW

Front 100

What type of bandage is best for patients who are immobile?

Back 100

Long-stretch bandages

Front 101

What type of bandage is best for patients who are exercising

Back 101

Short stretch

Front 102

An Unna boot is capable of providing a sustained compression for of how much?

Back 102

35-40 mmHg

Front 103

Compression garment pressure used for scar tissue control and for edema control

Back 103

Scar: 20-30 mmHg

Edema: 30-40 mmHg

Front 104

Normal arterial capillary pressure

Back 104

30 mmHg

Front 105

Treatment of upper extremities using pneumatic compression pumps requires how much pressure

Back 105

30-60 mmHg

Front 106

Treatment of lower extremities using pneumatic compression pumps requires how much pressure

Back 106

40-80 mmHg

Front 107

Position of the UE when using intermittent mechanical compression

Back 107

Elevated by 45º

abducted by 20-70 º

Front 108

Duty cycle of intermittent mechanical compression for a) edema reduction b) shape residual limb

Back 108

Edema Reduction: 3:1

Shaping Residual Limb: 4:1

Front 109

How many degrees of flexion is the CPM unit INITIALLY set. How much for progression

Back 109

20-40º of knee flexion with 5-10º to progress

Front 110

Acceptable goal of knee flexion using CPM unit

Back 110

110-120º flexion

Front 111

This type of massage is used frequently with chronic inflammation or with overuse injuries

Back 111

Friction massage

Front 112

What is the approximate critical threshold level for depolarization?

Back 112

-55 mV

Front 113

How many milliseconds are needed to depolarize sensory nerves?

Back 113

<0.05 milliseconds

Front 114

How many milliseconds are needed to depolarization motor nerves?

Back 114

< 1 milliseconds

Front 115

What is the chronaxie of a denervated muscle?

Back 115

> 1 milliseconds

Front 116

In denervated muscle, the area of greatest excitability is found where?

Back 116

Distally toward the insertion

Front 117

This is defined as the rate of flow of electrons

Back 117

Amperage

Front 118

This is the force that drives electrons through the conductive medium

Back 118

Voltage

Front 119

What are the positively charged cells needed for tissue repair, and what are the negatively charged cells

Back 119

POSITIVE

• macrophages
• neutrophils
• fibroblasts
• epithelial cells

NEGATIVE

• mast cells
• neutrophils

Front 120

Positive ions move toward the negative pole or cathode, producing what secondary reaction?

Back 120

Alkaline reaction (NaOH)

Front 121

Negative ions move toward the positive pole (anode), and what secondary reaction occurs?

Back 121

Acidic (HCl)

Front 122

Safe limit of dosage in iontophoresis when using anode/cathode as the active electrode

Back 122

Anode: 1 mA/cm²

Cathode: 0.5 mA/cm²

Front 123

This type of TENS can be applied during the chronic phase of pain

Back 123

Acupuncture-like TENS

Front 124

Describe the characteristics of High Voltage Pulsed Stimulation

Back 124

Monophasic

Twin-peaked Pulse of short duration

Front 125

What should be the active electrode for bactericidal effect and what electrode for culture-free wound

Back 125

ANODE - culture-free wound

CATHODE - bactericidal effect

Front 126

Parameters of High voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation for wound healing

Back 126

Amplitude: comfortable tingling sensation, paresthesia, no muscle response

Pulse rate: 50-200 pps

Pulse duration: 20-100 microseconds

Mode: Continuous

Front 127

A 2500 Hz sine wave (carrier frequency) which is interrupted for 10 milliseconds at 10 milliseconds intervals producing fifty 10-millisecond bursts per second

This type of time interval produces time modulated current

Also known as medium frequency, burst alternating current

Back 127

Russian current

Front 128

What is the methof used for variable interferential current to reduce accommodation

Back 128

Sweep frequency

Front 129

Parameters of FES for shoulder subluxation and for dorsiflexion assist in gait training

Back 129

Shoulder subluxation:

Pulse rate is 12-25 pps

Foot drop:

Pulse rate: 30-300 pps

Pulse duration: 20-250 microseconds

Amplitude for both conditions should produce TETANIC muscle contraction

Front 130

What are the characteristics of electrical current when using small electrodes

Back 130

Increased current density

Increased impedance

Decreased current flow

Front 131

What are the characteristics of electrical current when using large electrodes

Back 131

Decreased current density

Decreased impedance

Increased current flow

Front 132

A smooth tetanus contraction is usually produced in what frequency?

Back 132

35-50 pulses per second

Front 133

Amplitude characteristics for different type of TENS

Back 133

Conventional: sufficient for a sensory response

Acupuncture: sufficient to produce muscle twitching

Brief intense: sufficient for strong paresthesia or a motor response

Noxious/ Hyperstimulation: highest tolerated stimulus

Front 134

Pulse frequency of each type of TENS:

Back 134

Conventional: 30-150 pps High

Acupuncture: 2-4 pps Low

Brief-intense: 60-120 pps High

Noxious: 1-5 pps Low

Front 135

Pulse duration of different types of TENS

Back 135

Conventional: 50-100 microseconds Short

Acupuncture: 100-300 microseconds Long

Brief intense: 150-500 microseconds Long

Noxious: 250 microsecond to one second Long

Front 136

Dosage range for iontophoresis

Back 136

40-80 mA-min

Front 137

Use LIDOCAINE

Back 137

for analgesia and inflammation

Front 138

Use of Salicylate in iontophoresis

Back 138

Muscle and joint pain

Plantar warts

Front 139

Indication of acetic acid or acetate in iontophoresis

Back 139

Calcium deposits

Front 140

Indication of Zinc for iontophoresis

Back 140

Healing,

Dermal ulcers

Wounds

Front 141

Indication of Hyaluronase or Wydase in iontophoresis

Back 141

Edema reduction

Front 142

Indication of copper in iontophoresis

Back 142

Fungal infection

Front 143

Indication of water in iontophoresis

Back 143

Hyperhidrosis

Front 144

Indication of calcium chloride in iontophoresis

Back 144

Scar tissue

Keloids

Muscle spasms

Front 145

Indication of magnesium sulfate in iontophoresis

Back 145

Muscle spasm

Ischemia

Front 146

Indication of Dexamethasone in iontophoresis

Back 146

Inflammation

Front 147

Indication of iodine in iontophoresis

Back 147

Scars

Adhesive capsulitis

Front 148

Negative agents for iontophoresis

Back 148

SAID

Salicylates

Acetic Acid

Iodine

Dexamathasone