Ther-Ex

Front 1

Validity

Back 1

The degree to which a useful/meaningful interpretation can be inferred from a measurement

Front 2

Face validity

Back 2

Indicates that the instrument generally appears to measure what it proposes to measure, that it is plausible to those using the test; An assumption is made. The most basic/elementary form of validity.

Front 3

Content validity

Back 3

Is determined by judging whether an instrument adequately measures and represents the domain of content- the substance- of the variable of interest.

Like face validity, it is based on opinion, but involves more rigorous and careful consideration of experts more familiar with the content of interest.

Content is standard, nothing to measure against

Front 4

Criterion-related validity

Back 4

Justifies the validity of the measuring instrument by comparing measurements made with the instrument to a well-established gold-standard of measurement

Front 5

Concurrent validity

Back 5

A type of criterion-related validity and is the most frequent type of validity reported for goniometry. Tested when measurements made with the instrument and criterion are taken at approximately the same time.

Front 6

Construct validity

Back 6

The ability of an instrument to measure an abstract concept or to be used to make an inferred interpretation

Front 7

Reliability

Back 7

The amount of consistency between successive measurements of the same variable on the same individual under the same conditions.

(Yielding the same results)

Front 8

Normal end-feel:

SOFT

Back 8

Soft tissue approximation.

Contact between soft tissue

Front 9

Normal end-feel:

FIRM

Back 9

Muscular stretch, capsular stretch, ligamentous stretch

Front 10

Normal end-feel:

HARD

Back 10

Bone contacting bone

(Contact between the olecranon process/olecranon fossa in elbow extension)

Front 11

Abnormal end-feel:

SOFT

Back 11

Occurs sooner/later in ROM than is usual, or in a Jt that normally has a firm/hard end feel

(Soft tissue edema, synovitis)

Front 12

Abnormal end-feel:

FIRM

Back 12

Occurs sooner/later in end feel at Hm is usual or in a Jt that normally has a soft/hard endfeel

Front 13

Abnormal end-feel:

HARD

Back 13

Occurs sooner or later in the ROM than is usual or in a Jt that normally has a soft or firm end feel (a bony grating/bony block is felt)

Front 14

Abnormal end-feel:

EMPTY

Back 14

No real end feel, because pain prevents reaching end of ROM. No resistance except for individuals protective mm splinting or spasm

Front 15

HYPOmobility

Back 15

Reduced functional motion often caused by adaptive shortening or decreased extensibility in soft tissues. Endfeel occurs early in the ROM and may be different in quality from what is expected

Front 16

End feel

Back 16

The characteristic feel or barrier detected by the examiner that limits ROM when slight overpressure is applied at end of motion

Front 17

Neutral zero method

Back 17

0- to 180- degree system of notation. Normally, ROM begins at 0 degrees and proceeds in an arc toward 180 degrees

Front 18

Capsular patterns

Back 18

Pathological conditions involving the entire Jt capsule causing a particular pattern of restriction involving all or most of the passive motions of the Jt

Front 19

Mobility

Back 19

The ability of body structures/segments to move so that ROM for functional activities is allowed (functional ROM). The ability of an individual to initiate control or sustain active movements to perform motor tasks (functional mobility).

Front 20

Dynamic flexibility

Aka: active mobility, active ROM

Back 20

The extent to which an active muscle contraction can rotate a Jt through its available ROM. Depends on the ability of a mm to contract through ROM and the degree/quality of tissue extensibility

Front 21

Passive flexibility

Back 21

The extent to which a Jt can be passively rotated through its available ROM dependent on extensibility of soft tissues that cross/surround a Jt. A prerequisite for dynamic flexibility

Front 22

Contracture

Back 22

The adaptive shortening of the muscle-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross a Jt resulting in significant resistance-to passive or active stretch as limited ROM. An almost complete loss of motion.

Front 23

Shortness

Back 23

Partial loss of motion

Front 24

Tightness

Back 24

Restricted motion due to adaptive shortening of contractile and non-contractile elements of mm

Front 25

Myostatic contracture

Back 25

Musculotenduonous unit had adaptively shortened, significant loss of ROM, but NO specific mm pathology present. Is reversible, can be resolved w stretching

Front 26

Pseudomyostatic contracture

Back 26

Impaired mobility, limited ROM as a result of hypotonicity (spasticity, rigidity) Often but not always associated with a CNS lesion, CVA, TBI. Mm spasm, guarding, pain may also be a cause. Mms in constant state of contraction giving rise to excessive resistance to passive stretch. Neuromuscular inhibition sometimes used.

Front 27

Arthrogenic and periarticular contracture

Back 27

The result of intra-articular pathology including adhesions, synovial proliferation, Jt effusion, irregularities in articular cartilage. Develops when CT that cross/attach to Jt or capsule lose mobility restricting normal arthrokinematic movements

Front 28

Fibrotic contracture

Back 28

Fibrous changes in CT causing tissue adherence (scar tissue) possible to stretch and eventually increase ROM, but often difficult to reestablish optimal tissue length. The longer it’s there the more irreversible it becomes

Front 29

Selective stretching

Back 29

Applying stretching to some tissues while allowing motion limitations to develop in others.

Front 30

Selective stretching

Back 30

Applying stretching to some tissues while allowing motion limitations to develop in others.

Front 31

Hypermobility

Back 31

Excessive mobility. Can create detrimental Jt instability

Front 32

Chronic stretching

Back 32

A program of stretching exercises performed on a regular basis over a period of weeks. Increases flexibility and has beneficial effects on performance

Front 33

Acute stretching

Back 33

A bout of stretching carried out just before a strenuous activity. No benefit, has negative effects on strength exercises

Front 34

Viscoelastic deformation

Back 34

Time dependent property of soft tissue. Initially resists deformation when stretch force is applied but will slowly lengthen if force is sustained

Front 35

Plasticity

Back 35

Plastic deformation the tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater Length after a stress force is removed

Front 36

Intrarater reliability

Back 36

Within tester, more reliable

Front 37

Interrater reliability

Back 37

Between testers, less reliable form of testing

Front 38

Discreet task

Back 38

One and done, recognizable beginning and end, targets spec mm group. A push-up, locking a wheelchair

Front 39

Serial task

Back 39

Series of steps, usually in sequence. Wheelchair transfers, eating cereal with a spoon

Front 40

Continuous task

Back 40

Walking, continuous uninterrupted movements, cycling, up and down stairs

Front 41

Practice

Back 41

Single most important variable in learning a motor skill

Front 42

Feedback

Back 42

sensory info received and processed by the learner. Second most important variable to learning a motor skill

Front 43

Part practice

Back 43

Most effective in early stage when learning a complex skill

Front 44

Whole practice

Back 44

More effective for learning continuous skill in which timing and momentum are important. Also used for repetitions of discreet tasks.

Front 45

Practice order:

Blocked order

Back 45

Same task series performed repeatedly under same conditions, in same order

Front 46

Practice order:

Random order

Back 46

Slight variations of same task in unpredictable order

Front 47

Practice order:

Random/blocked

Back 47

Variations of same task performed in random order and each variation performed MORE THAN ONCE

Front 48

Primary prevention

Back 48

Activities that promote health, prevent disease in at-risk populations

Front 49

Secondary prevention

Back 49

Early diagnosis/ reduction of severity or duration of existing disease

Front 50

Tertiary prevention

Back 50

use of rehabilitation to reduce, limit progression of existing disability and improve function in persons with chronic, irreversible health conditions

Front 51

Intrinsic feedback

Back 51

comes from all internal sensory systems of learner, not from therapist

Front 52

Augmented feedback

Aka: extrinsic

Back 52

Information about the performance or results, is supplemental to intrinsic FB. Comes from therapist or nonverbal from machine. Controlled by therapist

Front 53

KP

Knowledge of performance

Back 53

Either intrinsic FB sensed during task or immediate post-task augmented FB about nature or quality of performance of task

Front 54

KR

Knowledge of results

Back 54

Immediate, post-task augmented FB about outcome of motor task (most effective)

Front 55

Disablement

Back 55

The impact and functional consequence of acute or chronic conditions that compromise basic human performance and an individuals ability to meet necessary customary expected desires and functional roles

Front 56

Impairments

Back 56

The loss of integrity of the physiological, anatomical, psychological functions/structures of the body and are a partial reflection of a persons health status

Front 57

Clinical decision making

Back 57

A dynamic, complex process of reasoning and analytical thinking that involves making judgements and determinations in the context of patient care

Front 58

Evidence based practice

Back 58

The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of an individual patient