Nervous System - Theory & Practice Of Therapeutic Massage

Front 1

structural unit of the nervous system.

Back 1

Neuron

Front 2

same as a neuron

Back 2

Nerve Cell

Front 3

Projections from the body of the nerve cell that carry nervous impulses.

Back 3

Nerve Fibers

Front 4

Connect with other neurons to recieve information

Back 4

Dendrites

Front 5

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

Back 5

Axon

Front 6

the junction where nerve signals jump from one nerve to another

Back 6

Synapse

Front 7

is a chemical that sends a nerve signal across a synapse.

Back 7

neurotransmitter

Front 8

carries impulses from sense organs to the brain.

Back 8

Sensory neurons

Front 9

carries nerve impulses from the brain to the effectors.

Back 9

Motor neurons

Front 10

carries impulses from one neuron to another

Back 10

interneuron

Front 11

are bundles of fibers held together by connective tissue that originate in the brain and spinal cord and distribute branches all over the body.

Back 11

nerves

Front 12

carry impulses toward the spinal cord and brain

Back 12

afferent nerves

Front 13

consists of the brain and spinal
cord

Back 13

central nervous system

Front 14

an acute inflammation of the pia mater and arachnoid mater around the brain and spinal cord

Back 14

meningitis

Front 15

outer layer of the meninges

Back 15

dura mater

Front 16

innermost layer of the meninges

Back 16

pia mater

Front 17

middle space of the meninges

Back 17

arachnoid mater

Front 18

flows through and around the brain and spinal cord to nourish and protect them

Back 18

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 19

consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Back 19

peripheral nervous system

Front 20

regulates the action of glands, smooth muscles, and the heart.

Back 20

autonomic nervous system

Front 21

twelve pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain through openings in the base of the cranium.

Back 21

cranial nerves

Front 22

consists of the four upper cervical nerves that supply the skin and control the movement of the head, neck,and shoulders.

Back 22

cervical plexus

Front 23

composed of four lower cervical nerves and the first pair of thoracic nerves that control arm movements

Back 23

brachial plexus

Front 24

formed from the first four lumbar nerves

Back 24

lumbar plexus

Front 25

formed from the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves and the first four sacral nerves

Back 25

sacral plexus

Front 26

largest and longest nerve in the body

Back 26

sciatic nerve

Front 27

formed from a portion of the fourth sacral nervesl, the fifth sacral nerve, and coccygeal nerve

Back 27

coccygeal plexus

Front 28

regulates the action of glands, smooth muscles, and the heart

Back 28

autonomic nervous system

Front 29

supplies the glands, involuntary muscles of internal organs, and walls of blood vessels with nerves and prepares the body for energy- expanding circumstances.

Back 29

sympathetic nervous system

Front 30

functions to conserve energy and reverse the action of the sympathetic division.

Back 30

para-sympathetic nervous system

Front 31

the route that a nerve impulse travels through the nervous system

Back 31

neurological pathway

Front 32

the simplest form of nervous activity, which includes a sensory and motor nerve

Back 32

reflex

Front 33

the nerve pathway of a reflex

Back 33

reflex arc

Front 34

record conscious sensations such as heat, cold, pain, and pressure throughout the body

Back 34

exteroceptors

Front 35

sense where the body is and how it moves

Back 35

proprioceptors

Front 36

sensory organs in muscles that detect the rate of stretch in muscle

Back 36

muscle spindle cells

Front 37

multibranched sensory nerve endings located in tendons

Back 37

Golgi tendon organs

Front 38

occurs in young adults and results from break down of the myelin sheath

Back 38

multiple sclerosis

Front 39

occurs as a result of the degeneration of certain nerve tissues which regulate body movements

Back 39

parkinson's disease

Front 40

paralysis of the arms and legs caused by a stroke or spinal cord injury

Back 40

quadriplegia

Front 41

paralysis of the lower extremeties; does not affect the arms or hands

Back 41

paraplegia

Front 42

light, brisk brushing using a dry vegetable bristle bath brush

Back 42

skin brushing

Front 43

caused by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel in or around the brain that subsequently destroys nerve tissue

Back 43

cerebrovascular accident

Front 44

is unilateral paralysis caused by a stroke

Back 44

hemiplegia

Front 45

a neurological condition in which there is abnormal electrical activity in the CNS without apparent tissue abnormalities

Back 45

epilepsy

Front 46

the principal nerve center, the body's largest and most complex nerve tissue, contains in excess of 10 billion neurons and innumerable nerve fibers

Back 46

the brain

Front 47

the largest portion of the brain, making up the front and top of the brain, presides over such mental activities as speech, sensation, communication, memory, reasoning, will and emotions.

Back 47

cerebrum

Front 48

bundles of nerve fibers that divide and provide communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Back 48

corpus callosum

Front 49

smaller part of the brain, located below the cerebrum and at the back of the cranium, helps to maintain body balance, coordinates voluntary muscles and makes muscular movement smooth and graceful

Back 49

cerebellum

Front 50

located in the center of the brain, contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland

Back 50

diencephalon

Front 51

relay center for sensory information coming into the brain

Back 51

thalamus

Front 52

governs the pituitary gland, thereby having a regulatory effect on the autonomic system and the endocrine glands

Back 52

hypothalamus

Front 53

the master gland whose hormones control other endocrine glands, located at the base of the brain in the sella tursica of the sphenoid bone

Back 53

pituitary gland

Front 54

contains the main nerve pathways connecting the cerebrum and the lower nervous system, as well as certain visual and auditory reflexes that coordinate head and eye movements with things seen and heard

Back 54

midbrain

Front 55

relays nerve impulses between the cerebrum and the medulla and from the cerebrum to the cerebellum, located between the midbrain and the medulla oblongata

Back 55

pons

Front 56

an enlarged continuation of the spinal cord that extends from the foramen magnum to the pons and connects the brain with the spinal cord. Regulates movements of the heart and controls vasoconstriction of the arteries and the rate and depth of respiration.

Back 56

medulla oblongata

Front 57

consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body and includes the spinal nerves, cranial nerves and all of their branches

Back 57

peripheral nervous system

Front 58

the two systems of the peripheral nervous system

Back 58

autonomic and somatic

Front 59

consists of the nerves that connect the CNS to the voluntary muscles and skin

Back 59

somatic nervous system

Front 60

regulates the action of glands, smooth muscle and the heart

Back 60

autonomic nervous system

Front 61

12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain through openings (foramina) on the sides and base of the cranium

Back 61

cranial nerves

Front 62

On old Olympus' towering tops, a fin and

German viewed some hops

Back 62

Acronym for 12 cranial nerves: olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, facial, acoustic (auditory), glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal, hypoglossal

Front 63

cranial nerve that controls sense of smell

Back 63

I. olfactory

Front 64

cranial nerve that controls sense of sight

Back 64

II. optic

Front 65

cranial nerve that controls eye movement

Back 65

III. oculomotor

Front 66

cranial nerve that rotates the eyeball downward and outward

Back 66

IV. trochlear

Front 67

cranial nerve that controls sensations of the face and movements of the jaw and tongue

Back 67

V. trigeminal (or trifacial)

Front 68

cranial nerve that rotates the eyeball outward

Back 68

VI. abducent

Front 69

cranial nerve that controls facial muscles of expression and some muscles of the neck and ear

Back 69

VII. facial

Front 70

cranial nerve that controls sense of hearing

Back 70

VIII. acoustic or auditory

Front 71

cranial nerve that controls sense of taste

Back 71

IX. glossopharyngeal

Front 72

cranial nerve that controls sensations and muscular movements relating to talking, heart action, breathing and digestion

Back 72

X. vagus or pneumogastric

Front 73

cranial nerve that controls movement of neck muscles

Back 73

XI. spinal accessory

Front 74

cranial nerve that controls movement of the tongue

Back 74

XII. hypoglossal

Front 75

breakdown of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Back 75

8 pairs cervical, 12 pairs thoracic

5 pairs lumbar, 5 pairs sacral

1 pair coccygeal

Front 76

formed by the 4 upper cervical nerves, which supply the skin and control the movement of the head, neck and shoulders

Back 76

cervical plexus

Front 77

formed by the 4 lower cervical nerves plus the 1st pair of thoracic nerves, which controls the movement of the arms by way of the musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves

Back 77

brachial plexus

Front 78

what the other 11 pairs of thoracic nerves do

Back 78

supply the muscles, skin and organs in the thorax

Front 79

first 4 lumbar nerves, which supply the skin, abdominal organs, hip, thigh, knee and leg

Back 79

lumbar plexus

Front 80

portions of the 4th and 5th lumbar nerves and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th sacral nerves

Back 80

sacral plexus

Front 81

largest and longest nerve in the body, consists of two nerves within the same sheath, the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve

Back 81

sciatic nerve

Front 82

nerve that serves the hamstrings and the lower leg and foot

Back 82

sciatic nerve

Front 83

an area of the skin supplied by nerve fibers originating from a single spinal nerve root

Back 83

dermatone

Front 84

sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimulation or tissue distortion, such as touch, pressure, vibration and stretch

Back 84

mechanoreceptors

Front 85

includes Ruffini end organs, Pacini corpuscles, and Merkel disks in the skin and proprioceptors located in the muscles, fascia and joints, including muscle spindle cells and Golgi tendon organs

Back 85

mechanoreceptors

Front 86

sensory receptors located in the skin and in the mouth, detect heat and cold

Back 86

thermoreceptors

Front 87

sensory receptors located in the retina of the eyes, rods and cones that give us the ability to see color and form

Back 87

photoreceptors

Front 88

sensory receptors located in the mouth and nose, are sensitive to certain chemical stimuli and give us the sense of taste and smell.

Back 88

chemoreceptors

Front 89

sensory receptors that detect pain and are located in nearly every tissue in the body except the brain

Back 89

nociceptors

Front 90

masses of neurons

Back 90

ganglia

Front 91

the route that a nerve impulse travels through the nervous system

Back 91

neurologic pathway

Front 92

the simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve and few, if any, interneurons

Back 92

a reflex

Front 93

the nerve pathway of a reflex

Back 93

a reflex arc

Front 94

sensory receptors that respond to the unconscious inner sense of position and movement of the body known as kinesthesia

Back 94

proprioceptors