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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human beings desire consistency in their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
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Cognitive Dissonance
People want their actions to reflect their beliefs |
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Dissonance is created by psychological inconsistencies
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Cognitive Dissonance
Definition of dissonance |
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Dissonance is an aversive state that drives people to actions with measureable effects
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Cognitive Dissonance
People will do anything to avoid dissonance because it causes discomfort |
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Dissonance motivates efforts to achieve consonance and efforts toward dissonance reduction
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Cognitive Dissonance
People will reduce tension from dissonance by trying to make their inconsistencies go away. |
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"Human beings live in communication."
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Coordinated Management of Meaning
Communication is how humans make sense of the world or find meaning |
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Human beings co-create a social reality.
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Coordinated Management of Meaning
Humans share a reality through the application of past experiences and new variables introduced through conversation. |
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Information transactions depend on personal and interpersonal meaning.
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Coordinated Management of Meaning
Unique point of views are shared, but the information exchanged is based on previous experience and what the conversationalists agree upon. |
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"Expectancies drive human interaction."
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Expectancy Violations Theory
We react to what is expected. |
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Expectancies for human behavior are learned
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Expectancy Violations Theory
We learn what is expected. |
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People make predictions about nonverbal behavior
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Expectancy Violations Theory
Based on what is expected we predict how people will act. |
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People experience uncertainty in interpersonal settings
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
We don't know other people |
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Uncertainty is an aversive state, generating cognitive stress.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Not knowing is stressful, which makes us want to reduce it. |
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When strangers meet, their primary concern is to reduce their uncertainty or to increase predictability.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
We want to know people. |
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Interpersonal communication is the primary means of uncertainty reduction.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Talking to other people is the main way to know people. |
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It is possible to predict people's behavior in a lawlike fashion.
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Uncertainty Reduction Theory
We can predict what people will do when we know them enough. |
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One cannot not communicate
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Interactional View (Axiom 1)
Communication occurs all the time regardless of intent |
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Human beings communicate both digitally and analogically
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Interactional View (Axiom)
Digital = verbally Analogic = non verbal |
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Communication = Content + Relationship
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Interactional View (Axiom 2)
Content = what is said Relationship = how it is said |
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The nature of the relationship depends on how both parties punctuate the communication sequence
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Interactional View (Axiom 3)
A relationship depends on how we interpret the cause and effect of a series of events |
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All communication is either symmetrical or complementary.
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Interactional View (Axiom 4)
Symmetrical = interaction on equal power Complementary = interaction based on accepted differences in power |
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People evaluate persuasive messages
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Social Judgement Theory
People check if message appeals. |
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A person's attitude serves as a judgmental standard
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Social Judgement Theory
That person's attitude is the anchor for the judgment |
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Attitudes can vary in both their range and their intensity
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Social Judgment Theory
People can feel the full spectrum of like to dislike including an apathetic range. |
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Petty and Cacioppo assume people are motivated to hold correct attitudes.
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
People want to be right. |
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Attitudes are important in their ability to impact behavior
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
People's perceptions impacts what they do |
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People use heuristics to avoid information overload
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
People use rules of thumb to handle too much information. |
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Attitudes can vary in their intensity
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Elaboration Likelihood Model
People can feel none to very strong feelings about their perceptions |
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Changing one variable changes the system
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Interactional View
(notes assumption) |
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The system attempts to maintain status quo
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Interactional View
(notes assumption) |
