Theory And Methods- Test 2

Front 1

Superior Rectus

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 1

Elevation
CN 3

Front 2

Inferior Rectus

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 2

Depression
CN 3

Front 3

Medial Rectus

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 3

Adduction
CN 3

Front 4

Lateral Rectus

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 4

Abduction
CN 6

Front 5

Superior Oblique

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 5

Depression
CN 4

Front 6

Inferior Oblique

Major Action?
Innervation?

Back 6

Elevation
CN 3

Front 7

the function, whereby the eyes turn in to maintain single vision

Back 7

Convergence

Front 8

total amount of turning in of two eyes to fixate at a distance

Back 8

Fusion-Meter Angles (Dioptric Stimulus)

Front 9

1 cm deviation of light at 1 meter

Back 9

Prism Diopter

Front 10

distance between the two eyes

Back 10

Interpupillary distance

Front 11

Name all the EOMs

Back 11

Superior and Inferior Rectus, Medial and Lateral Rectus, Superior and Inferior Oblique

Front 12

movement of the line of sight of one eye toward the body's midline

Back 12

adduction

Front 13

movement of the line of sight of one eye away from the body's midline

Back 13

abduction

Front 14

movement of the line of sight of one eye above the straight ahead position

Back 14

supraduction

Front 15

movement of the line of sight of one eye below the straight ahead position

Back 15

infraduction

Front 16

parallel movement to the right

Back 16

dextroversion

Front 17

parallel movement to the left

Back 17

levoversion

Front 18

parallel movement upward

Back 18

supraversion

Front 19

parallel movement downward

Back 19

infraversion

Front 20

movement of lines of sight towards the body's midline, or towards each other

Back 20

convergence

Front 21

movement of lines of sight away from the body's midline, or way from each other

Back 21

divergence

Front 22

the lines of sight meet at the same point, after any tendency has been overcome

Back 22

phorias

Front 23

convergence movement with no associated change in accommodation

Back 23

fusional vergence

Front 24

the two eyes converge directly on the target, with no tendency to turn in or out, up or down

Back 24

orthophoria

Front 25

the tendency of the two eyes to turn out for target

Back 25

exophoria

Front 26

exophoria is overcome with what type of fusional vergence

Back 26

postive (PFV)

Front 27

the tendency of the two eyes to turn in for a target

Back 27

esophoria

Front 28

esophoria is overcome with what type of fusional vergence

Back 28

negative (NFV)

Front 29

the tendency of one eye to look above the other

Back 29

hyperphoria

Front 30

hyperphoria is overcome with what type of vergence

Back 30

Vertical fusional vergence

Front 31

a deviation of one eye relative to the other

Back 31

strabismus

Front 32

tropia, squint, strab are all collectively known as a

Back 32

strabismus

Front 33

the deviation of one eye out; without fusional vergence

Back 33

exotropia

Front 34

the deviation of one eye in; without fusional vergence

Back 34

esotropia

Front 35

the deviation of one eye up; without fusional vergence

Back 35

hypertropia

Front 36

the deviation of one eye down; without fusional vergence

Back 36

hypotropia

Front 37

the images seen by two eyes being coordinated into one image cortically

Back 37

fusion

Front 38

What do we see with?

Back 38

occipital cortex

Front 39

cutting off vision in one eye cortically, because fusion is not possible

Back 39

suppression

Front 40

depth perception; highest level of binocular vision

Back 40

stereopsis

Front 41

only one function eye, or only one of the two eyes seeing

Back 41

monocular

Front 42

each eye focusing on an object, but two images are not fused; the patient sees double vision or diplopia

Back 42

biocular

Front 43

the ability of the two eyes to focus on one object and fuse the two images into one

Back 43

binocular

Front 44

the poistion of the two eyes at far point (6m) with no STIMULUS TO ACCOMMODATION OR CONVERGENCE

Back 44

tonic position

Front 45

the physiological position of rest and measured at far point

Back 45

Tonic position

Front 46

aka as psychic; vergence brought about due to the awareness of the nearness of an object

Back 46

proximal convergence

Front 47

vergence movement with no associated change in accommodation

Back 47

fusional vergence

Front 48

when all innervation to the EOMs has been removed, in deep anesthesia or death; the eyes are usually up and out

Back 48

anatomical position of rest

Front 49

a series of prisms apex to apex

Back 49

minus lens

Front 50

a series of prisms base to base

Back 50

plus lens

Front 51

where does the light go in the prism?

Back 51

to the base

Front 52

where does the image go in the prism?

Back 52

to the apex

Front 53

An orthophore is made artificially esophoric by the addition of _______. The patient then has to use ________ to maintain fusion.

Back 53

BI prism; NFV

Front 54

where does BI prism on anyone move the image?

Back 54

further out

Front 55

What type of prism is needed to make an orthophore and artificial exophore and why type of vergence is required to maintain single vision?

Back 55

BO prism; PFV

Front 56

Where does BO prism on anyone move the image?

Back 56

closer in

Front 57

what is the goal when correcting phorias?

Back 57

making them work less

Front 58

What type of prisms do exophores need to neutrilize and what type of vergence are they using less?

Back 58

BI prism; PFV

Front 59

What type of prisms make exophores worse?

Back 59

BO prism

Front 60

What type of prism will correct esophore and what type of fusional vergence do they use?

Back 60

BO and NFV

Front 61

When correcting a phoria, where do you place the image?

Back 61

at their tendency to take away all fusional vergence

Front 62

What type of prism makes and esophore worse?

Back 62

BO prism

Front 63

the position of the lines of sight when fusion is removed during far point fixation with accommodation relaxed, position of tonic convergence; the distance from which the eyes have to move located on the z-axis

Back 63

punctum remotum

Front 64

where is the PR of an orthophore?

Back 64

infinity

Front 65

Where is the PR of an exophore?

Back 65

beyond infinity

Front 66

Where is the PR of an esophore?

Back 66

inside infinity

Front 67

the closes point at which the patient can maintain single binocular vision; determined by performing the near point of convergence

Back 67

punctum proximum

Front 68

How are hyperphores corrected?

Back 68

with base down prism in from of the ye with the tendency to move up or base up in front of the other eye

Front 69

if light hits the fovea where does the pt think the image is

Back 69

straight ahead

Front 70

how would a right hyperphore be correct?

Back 70

base down in front of the OD or base up in front of the OS

Front 71

what happens to the accommodative convergence with the accommodation is stimulated?

Back 71

it is stimulated

Front 72

what happens to the accommodative convergence when accommodation is relaxed?

Back 72

it is relaxed

Front 73

the amount of accommodative-convergence change per diopter change in accommodation

Back 73

AC/A ratio

Front 74

what is the AC/A ratio?

Back 74

6/1

Front 75

do plus lenses relax or stimulate accommodation on an orthophore?

Back 75

relax

Front 76

What do minus lens do to orthophores?

Back 76

artificial esophore

Front 77

With an esophore, what type of lens makes the NFV less and what type of lens makes it more?

Back 77

plus less; minus more

Front 78

With an exophore, what type of lens makes the PFV less and what type of lens makes it more?

Back 78

minus less; plus more

Front 79

shifts the image further away from the pt

Back 79

base in prism

Front 80

helps exophoric patients

Back 80

base in prism

Front 81

what type of prism hurts an esophore?

Back 81

base in

Front 82

prism that shifts the image closer to the pt

Back 82

base out prism

Front 83

what type of pt needs base out prism?

Back 83

esophore

Front 84

accommodative/convergence points the eyes at the target after the accommodative stimulus for target is met

Back 84

orthophoria

Front 85

accommodative/convergence points the eyes further out than the target after accommodating for the target

Back 85

exophoria

Front 86

what are two ways to correct exophores?

Back 86

base in or over-minus

Front 87

accommodative/convergence points the eyes closer in than the target after accommodating for the target

Back 87

esophoria

Front 88

what are two ways to correct esophores?

Back 88

base out or over-plus

Front 89

where there is inadequate fusional vergence or accommodative/convergence to maintain focus, or improper function of the EOMs, or improper innervation of the cranial nerves, or refractive problems

Back 89

tropia

Front 90

name the things that can cause tropia.

Back 90

1- Inadequate fusional vergence
2- Inadequate accommodative/convergence
3- improper function of the EOMs
4- Improper innervation of the cranial nerves
5- refractive problem causing misalignment of the eyes

Front 91

Types of Visual Acuities

Back 91

1- Detection
2- Resolution
3- Recognition
4- Contrast

Front 92

the visualization of an object on a background different from the object itself

Back 92

detection acuity

Front 93

the ability to just recognize a lateral misalignment on a frontal plane; the most accurate type of acuity

Back 93

resolution acuity

Front 94

the determination of a threshold of recognition of two ore more targets or objects on a contrasting background

Back 94

recognition acuity

Front 95

minimum contrast which is required to distinguish that there is a bar pattern rather than a uniform grey

Back 95

contrast sensitivity

Front 96

Visual acuity notation: distance of testing situation or where the patient stands

Back 96

numerator

Front 97

Visual Acuity notation: distance at which the letters subtend 5' of arc at the nodal point of the eye or the letter the patient reads

Back 97

denominator

Front 98

what is the metric conversion of 20/20?

Back 98

6/6