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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are theories?
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"They are nets cast to catch what we call the world" - Karl Popper
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Functions of Theories...
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To explain, predict, be simple (and understanble), be able to be tested (hypothesis), and have some kind of "practical" use to the world.
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Aristotle's Rhetoric
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First book on persuasion
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What is Aristotle's Pragmatic reason for studying rhetoric
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Because it can be used irresponsibly -- it's "Neutral"
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In Aristotle's "Rhetoric" what are the TYPES OF RHETORIC
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Deliberative ("What we should do"), Forensic ("Past"), Epidictic ("ceremonial")
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Two types of PROOF
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Inartistic, artistic
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Inartistic Proof
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proof controlled, created by the situation itself (photographs, newspaper coverage)
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Artistic Proof
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Anything brought to the situation and created by the speaker
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Kinds of Artistic Proof
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Ethos; credibility of speaker, Pathos; emotional appeal; Logos, logical arguments
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Ethical Appeal
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Credibility is defined by the audience -- good character, well informed.
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Assesing Ethos
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It's based on Competency, good character (trustworthiness), and goodwill (concern for audience)
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Logos
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Involves reasoning and evidence.
Two types: Deductive and inductive |
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Inductive
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specific to general
Remember right side up pyramid |
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Deductive
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General to specific.
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Aristotle's FIVE CANONS
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Invention, Arrangement, Style, Delivery, and Memory
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Style
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Linguistic choices made by speaker
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Semiotics
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the theory of meaning and symbols
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Ferdinard de Saussure
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Swiss linguistic; felt that signs were typified into two concepts: Signified (concept) and Signifier (medium, sound-image)
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Thought (Reference)
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What sits at the top of the pyramid; how we respond to the referent and its symbol
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Referent
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The REAL object; bottom of the triangle
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Symbol
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What we assign from our referent to make meaning out of the reference. The word "dog"
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The Triangle
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It signifies how meaning is construct, it offers that people create meaning. Thought comes from references which then applies to symbol.
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Three Types of Symbols
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Iconic, Indexical, Symbolic
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Iconic
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Resembles what they signify (photograph, good drawing)
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Indexical
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Defined by a cause and effect relationship (smoke from fire, sweat from effort)
Describes signifiers that act as "evidence" of an event. |
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Symbolic
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the combination of visual signs and words.
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