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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Identify the distinctions between cognition and emotion. |
- Emotional/affevtive states are intrinsically valenced (+ve/-ve vauled) - Emotion/affect can survive brain damage that severely impairs cognition - Emotion/affect more powerful and easier in young - cog maturity dampens emotion/affect - Cognition more digital while emotion/affect more analog (fast vs slow neurochemistry) - Emotion/affect generate spontaneous, facial, bodily and prosodic expression - Hemispheric asymmetry (R = E deeper, -ve , L = Cog richer, +ve) |
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What are the six basic emotions according to the universality of expressions and meanings across cultures? |
- Anger - Happiness - Disgust - Surprise - Sadness - Fear |
need to be able to spot which emotions on a list are not one of these
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What is Darwins theory about evolution of emotional expression? What is his principle of antithesis? |
- Expression of emotion evolve from behaviours that indicate what an animal is likey to do next. - If beneficial they will evolve to more effectively communicate and may lose original meaning. - Opposite messages often signaled by opposite movements - "principle of antithesis" e.g. threat displays are beneficial - intimidate victims w/out cost and risks for fighting |
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Understand how sympathetic and parasympathetic systems jointly achieve balance in bodys physiological regulation. |
Visceral qualities of emotional experience have to do with patterns of arousal. ANS in control of many of bodys regulatory functions, achieved by balance between the opposite actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
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What is the sequence of events during emotional experience according to folk psychololgy? |
Event percieved -> Experience emotion -> Physiological reactions |
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What is the sequence of events during emotional experience according to James-Lange theory? |
Event percieved -> Physiological reactions -> Experience emotion |
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What is the sequence of events during emotional experience according to Cannon-Bard theory? |
Event percieved -> Physiological reactions & Experience emotions |
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Support/Undermining evidence for James-Lange theory. |
+ loss of peripheral feedback (spinal injury) reduces felt emotional intensity - experienced arousal can outlast physiological changes - feelings can have faster time course than associated physiological changes - physiological changes in intense emotion too undifferentiated to be sole basis of experienced diverisity of feelings |
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Support/Undermining evidence for Cannon-Bard theory. |
Experience of emotion is independent of physiological response Removed cat sympathetic NS - elminated physiological arousal - cat still showed emotion |
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How did Schacter and Singer renew support for James-Lange theory? What did they contribute to the theory of emotion? |
Injected P w/ epinephrine - Group A - told how body would react; group B - not = Group A - reported no emotional experience = Group B - Some experienced feelings when body responded to injection - specific emotion may be influenced by confederate behaviour Theory: cognition uses the stimulus, immediate circumstance, state of mind, previous experience/knowledge and percieved bodily responses to stimuli to label the specific emotion |
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Identify which curcuit is named after Papez and which areas were added by MacLean to form the limbic system. |
Papez circuit = Hippocampus, hypothalamus, anterior thalamus and cingulate gyrus. MacLean + amygdala & orbitofrontal cortex & some portions of basal ganglia = Limbic system |
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How did Morris et al (1996) experiment help identify amygdala's role in perceiving fear/danger? |
Patients see series of faces over time gradually going from happy to fearful Regional cerebral blood flow measured across brain and correlated with shift in facial expression Amygdala activity correlates highly with pattern of change in facial expression toward fear. |
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What is the overall design of the autonomic nervous system? |
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How is the hypothalamus a key structure in the bodys response to stress? Chemical chain, fight-flight response |
Hypothalamus has diverse regulatory function and is key structure in neuroendocrine system. HPA (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal) axis: response to stress. - Hypothalamus releases stress hormone cortisol and also involved in release of adrenaline into bloodstream. |
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What does a classical conditioning paradigm of fear conditioning involve? |
US = UR CS+US = UR After afew pairings CS = CR Eg: animal placed in cage - sound comes on CS - mild shock to feet US CR = freezing and crouching, fur stands on end, BP + HR raise, stress hormone released into bloodstream - happens v/ quickly and v/ resilent - CS w/out US repeatedly can cause extinction, hwv spontaneous recovery, induced recovery etc poss. |
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How did LeDoux's lesioning studies identify two pathways by which emotional learning occurs? Which structures are important for discrimination and context conditioning? |
Taught animals to be afraid of a sound. (Normal pathway: Ear - brain stem - midbrain - thalamus - auditory cortex) - Thalamic lesioning eliminated fear conditioning - Amygdala lesioning eliminated fear conditioning - Cortical lesioning left fear conditioning unaffected HWV, cortex is needed for discrimination learning & Hippocampus is needed for context conditioning. |
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