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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jainisn began in
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India
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Jina means
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spiritual conqueror
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Jain scriptures
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Agamas
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Jains do not eat
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Meat, some animal products and even some vegetables as a respect for life
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The 24th tirthankara is
When did he live? |
Mahavira from 599-527BCE
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Two Similarities
and Two Differences between Jainism and Buddhism |
Similarties:
Both rejected Hindu Caste system and ephasized non-violence Differences: Buddha: no permanent soul, Jainism: every living being has a soul Many Buddhists are vegetarians, All Jains are strict vegetarians |
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Two main sects of Jainism
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Shvetambra: monks wear white garments and use begging bowls, any human can achieve kevala
Digambara: naked male monks, no begging bowls, only males can achieve kevala, females must be reborn |
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Shintoism is the native religion of
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Japan
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The name of the gate before a Shinto shrine
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Atorii
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Who are kami?
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the word to whatever is cared or to be worshiped, Gods, Goddesses and spirits
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What is the word for communication between the kami and humans?
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Matsuri
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Chinese form of Confucius' name?
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K'ung fu-tzu
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Confucious' profession?
When did he live? |
- he taught history and good government
- He lived around 500BC |
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The major problem in China during the time of Confucius?
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Decay and cruelty of the declining Chou dynasty.
Social anarchy, civil war, violence among families |
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Competing answers to solve social problems.
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Motzu: love each other
Confucius: teach moral values and right relationships Realists: Law and order, force and punishment |
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Five constant relationships
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1. Hudband/Wife
2. Parent/Child 3. Elder sibling/Younger 4. Elder friend/Younger 5. Ruler/Subjects |
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Doctrine of the Mean
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not going to extremes. For example, not being too proud or too humble
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Jen
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good heartedness and other-centeredness
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Chun tzu
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the Superior Person or the Mature Person
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li
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doing things the right way, etiquette, ritual and proper conduct in the five basic relationships
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te
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the power of virtue and moral example
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wen
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education, cultivation of music, art, poetry, painting and aesthetics
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Who was the founder of Taoism?
What does this title mean? When did he live? |
Lao Tzu (meaning the Old Master) lived around 600BC
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Tao means
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The way or path of nature
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The three meanings of Tao are
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1. Ultimate Reality
2. Nature 3. Human Life |
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Chinese name of the basic text of Taoism:
In English? What is it made up of? |
Tao Te Ching
The Classic of the Way and It's power or virtue 81 Poems about the Tao |
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Wu Wei
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effortless action, quietude, don't swim against the currant
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Ying Yang means
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The universe is composed of the complementary forces of yin and yang. These forces, powers and energies are found together in nature to show continuity and dependence upon each other.
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yin qualities
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feminine, negative, passive, cold, wet, soft, dark, mysterious, water, earth, left, unconscious
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yang qualities
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masculine, positive, active, warm, dry, hard, bright, revealing, land, air, right, conscious
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Taoist form of meditation and physical exercise
Purpose? |
Tai Chi Chuan
to balance the chi, the vital energy or cosmic energy of the Tao that is inside of us for our health and for peace of mind |
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Three basic differences between Confucianism and Taoism
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Confucian ism is more concerned with the way life ought to be, and Taoism is more concerned with the way life is.
Confucius emphasized harmony within society while Taoism emphasizes harmony with nature. Confucius wanted people to be educated and cultivated. Taoism teaches people to be natural and spontaneous. |
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What is the name of Zoraster?
Where did he live? When did he live? |
Zarathustra lived in ancient Persia around 600BCE
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One supreme God name?
What does it mean? |
Ahura Mazda, the wise Lord.
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How is history described?
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History is a battle between the forces of good (led by the angels) and the forces of evil (lead by the demons). The good angelic forces will eventually win.
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The Zoroastrian scriptures
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Avesta
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The Zoroastrians prayed:
The temples had: What does it symbolize? |
5x per day in temples which have pots of fire that symbolizes purity of Ahura Mazda.
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FIVE Zoroastrian beliefs that seem to have influenced other religions
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1. monotheism
2. angels/demons 3. good vs evil 4. light vs darkness 5. the human soul 6. humans have only one life 7. belief in an afterlife 8. resurrection 9. final judgemnet 10. future savior to restore goodness to the world |
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Zoroastrians in India are called
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Parsees, meaning persians
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When Zoroastrian people die, they sometimes
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are carried to the the Tower of Silence on a hilltop and leave it. Vultures then pick the bones clean and they are put in a well in the tower.
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Islam means
Followers are called |
Peace through submission to the will of Allah
Muslims |
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How many followers of Islam? How many live in the Middle East? The country with the greatest number?
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1.5 billion, 75-80% live outside the Middle East. Most in Indonesia.
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The name of God
From what language What does it mean? |
Allah, Arabic for God. It means "the God"
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The first son of Abraham
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Ishmael with Sarah his wife
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Muslims view Muhammad as
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is a prophet of God and is the deal of the prophets because he received the final revelation.
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It is not Muhammadism
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because they do not worship Muhammad. They worship Allah.
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The Hijrah
When did it happen? Christian and Muslim calenders |
was the migration of Muhammad and his community from Mecca.
In 622 AD or 1AH (anno hegirae) |
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Muslims view the Qur'an as
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is God's final revelation to prophet Muhammad through angel Gabriel.
It is a supplement to the Bible |
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The Hadith is
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a collection of sayings and traditions about what many Muslims believe Muhammad said and did as well as how he interpreted the revelation of the Qur'an.
It is important in Islam because it is used as a major source of Islamic Law (Sharia) |
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Muslims view Abraham and Moses
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call them people of the Book because their prophets recieved the earlier revelation written in the Bible. They accept these prophets as early prophets of God but that Muhammad is the latest and final prophet
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Muslims view Jesus as
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another Jewish prophet of God, but not the Son of God, not part of the trinity, or the incarnation of God. They do believe that he will return at the end of time.
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Shahadah, the basic belief of Islam
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There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his messenger.
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Five times of worship
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sunrise, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and before sleep.
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Charity percentage
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2.5%
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9th Lunar Month
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Ramadan, Muslims fast during the day (from sunrise to sunset)
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Annual Pilgrimage
Shrine City and Country |
Hajj
Ka'ba Mecca, Saudi Arabia |
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Which two people made the first example of
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???
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Muslims do not eat or drink
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pork or drink alcohol
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Jihad means
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striving or struggling
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Non military Jihad
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of the tongue (preaching)
of the pen (scholarship) of the pocket (charity) |
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Military Jihad limitations (5)
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1. must be against oppression
2. defense only 3. not for gaining wealth or territory 4. no attack on civilians 5. no terrorism or suicide allowed 6. peace treaties must be sought to end the fighting 7. nature must not be destroyed 8. the rights of prisoners of war must be protected 9. must be declared by righteous imams or scholars 10. must be a last resort |
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Two major divisions in Islam and percentage
Why are these groups different? |
15% Shiites think Ali should have been Muhammad's successor
85% Sunnis think Abu Bakr was rightfully the successor of Muhammad |
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The mystics of Islam:
Five practices |
The sufis (wool wearers)
1. Repetition of Allah over and over 2. Songs 3. Love Poetry 4. Head jerking 5. Whirling dances |
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Shrine in Jerusalem for the Night Journey?
Also important to Christians and Jews because... |
Dome of the Rock
Christians and Jews believe this area is Mont Zion, where the ancient Temple of Solomon, the second Jewish Temple and Herod's Temple had been built. |
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The Nation of Islam is for
The founder |
for African Americans, the founder was Elijah Muhammad.
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The main speaker during the 1960s
What was his reason to leave the Nation of Islam? |
Malcolm X
Going to Mecca and seeing that Muslims are many different people coming together to love Allah |
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The current Nation of Islam leader is
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Louis Farrakhan
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Founder of Baha'i faith
What does it mean? When did he live? In which country was he dorn? How do Baha'is view him? |
Mirza Husayn Ali Nuri known as Baha'u'llah (the Glory of God)
He lived in the 1800s in Iran Baha'is view him as the most recent prophet of the one God for the scientific age. |
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Baha'is view other prophets
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as different prophets of the same one God. each has revealed the oneness of God's message in different ways because their cultures and times.
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Three main principles are
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1. The equality of all groups of people
2. the equality of men and women 3. the independent search for truth |
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Four aspects of the peace plan of the Baha'i faith
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1. A universal legal system
2. full equality between all people 3. an international auxiliary language 4. acceptance of the oneness of humanity |
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The Universal House of Justice of the Baha'i Faith is located in
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Haifa, Israel
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A nine pointed sun
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nine, the greatest single digit, is a symbol of unity
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