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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Faith (fides quae creditur, fides qua creditur and fides quarens intellectum) |
-fides quae creditur- the faith which isheld by the Church through revelation or sacred tradition. (Objective faith) -fides qua creditur- the faith by which a person is moved to respond to God. This includes a person's own understanding of his or her relationship to God, their own filtered view of fides quae, and in some instances personal revelation. (Subjective faith) -fides quarensintellectum- Literally, "faithseeking understanding." (Anselm’s Proglosion) matters of religion andtheology are understood only by first believing them and then proceeding togain an intellectual understanding of the things already believed. In otherwords, faith is both logically and chronologically prior to reason |
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Creatio ex nihilo/creation |
the belief that God created this world out of nothing, ex nihilo being Latin for "from nothing." |
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Trinity (unasubstantia et tres personae) |
one substance in three persons Concepts-Substance, Perichoresis (“mutual interpenetration”) |
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Providence |
The protective care of God or ofnature as a spiritual power. |
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Original sin |
Sin of Adam and Eve, received rather than committed, "sin nature" of human |
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Jesus Christ (Messiah) |
God's prophet ,Baptized John the Baptist, crucified by Pontius Pilate, conceived by the Holy Spirits, born of Virgin Mary, died by crucifixion, ascended to Heaven to become God. |
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Virgin Mary |
Mother of Jesus Christ,conceived by the Holy Spirits while still a virgin |
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Communicatio idiomatum |
Concept about the deity and humanity in the person of Jesus Christ |
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Hypostatic Union(Incarnation) |
Divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ are made one according to nature and hypostasis |
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Christ’s three fold office (teaching, pastoral and priestly) |
- Teaching: “the truth” – deceit and confusion are the consequences of Sin Christ’s disciples spread his teaching, the teaching directed at human understanding of the re-divine revelation - Pastoral: shepherd 3 aspects of Christ’s pastoral office: legislative, judicial, punitive, Christ gives command throughout the NT, has judicial power - Priestly: "The Life" , Christ offered himself as a true and proper sacrifice to God, removed the abyss between God and humanity caused by sins. |
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Salvation |
the saving of the soul from sin and its consequences. the death and incarnation of Jesus Christ is the climax of Salvation |
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Vicarious Atonement |
Jesus bear the penalty of sin for us when he died on the cross, his death was a substitution for the believers |
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Parousia |
In Ancient Greek meaning presence, arrival In Christian Theology, the second coming of God |
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Last/General Judgment |
Final and eternal judgment by God of all humanity, souls of human rise and descend to their fates, at the end of the world |
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Particular Judgment |
the Divine Judgment that a departed person undergoes immediately after death >< gen judgment |
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God |
always exists, fully actual: cannot develop, cannot lose God's nature is asiety ( from itself ) |
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Church ( Ecclesia ) |
means both: a particular body of faithful people, and the whole body of the faithful |
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The Marks of the Church ( One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic ) |
- One: oneness of the body, the church through what Christians have in common - Holy: Jesus is holy, and church is Christ's mystical body - Catholic: the wholeness of Christian faith, full and complete is proclaimed to all people without excluding any part of the faith or any class/group of people ( Universal ) - Apostolic: Church's belief rooted in the living Tradition of the Apostles of Jesus Christ |
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Communion of Saints |
someone who has demonstrated heroic virtue...friend of God...is in heaven...followed Jesus thoroughly to transfigure them from within |
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Sacrament |
meant to sanctify and signify us from God’s grace |
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Baptism |
erase original sin |
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Eucharist |
Christian ceremony of the Last Supper bread and wine : blood and body of Christ |
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The Resurrection of the Body |
Jesus resurrected from death |
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Life Everlasting ( Hell and Heaven ) |
Life continues after death, after judged by God, one is sent to either Heaven or Hell Heaven: eternal life spent with God and his embrace Hell: eternal separation from God |
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Crucifixion |
Jesus was sentenced to death by Pontius Pilate and crucified by the Romans |
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Resurrection |
central focus of Christianity |
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Easter |
a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of J.C from the death, the culmination of the Passion of Christ |
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Ascension |
the bodily ascension of Jesus into heaven |
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Pentecost |
50 days after Easter Sunday, celebrates the giving of Law to Moses at Sinai "the feast of Weeks " |
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Council of Nicaea |
Nicene Creed, created basic tenets, core beliefs of the Catholic Church |
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Council of Chalcedon |
try to sort out different heresies - combat Arianism |
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Great Schism |
Eastern Orthodox Church separated with Western Catholic Church |
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Protestant Reformation ( "Nationalist" & "Radical" ) |
initiated by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin "nationalist" : happens in different countries "radical" : reformations not based on politics |
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Council of Trent |
against the protestant reformation |
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Enlightenment |
People are skeptical about religion |
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Second Vatican Council |
the Mass in different languages instead of Latin open to the entire world, dialoguing with atheist, open up discussion that previously frowned upon |
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Gnosticism |
Taught that the world was created and ruled by a lesser divinity, the demiurge Salvation achieved through special knowledge |
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Marcionism |
Jesus was the savior sent by God and Paul the Apostle was his chief apostle, but rejected the Hebrew Bible and the God of Israel. the wrathful Hebrew God was a separate and lower entity than the all-forgiving NT God |
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Modalism |
denial of the Trinity. States that God is a single person who revealed Himself in three modes or forms |
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Tritheism |
Belief in 3 Gods, three distinct Gods, each an independent center of consciousness and determination |
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Docetism |
sufferings of Christ were apparent and not real and after the crucifixion he appeared in a spiritual body |
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Arianism |
doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father |
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Nestorianism |
denied the Hypostatic Union and were represented as maintaining the existence of two distinct persons in Christ |
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Montanism |
Movement held similar views about the basic tenets of Christian doctrine to those of the wider church, although believing in new revelation and ecstasies, unapproved by the wider church |
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Donatism |
Believed that the effectiveness of the sacraments depends on the moral character of the minister |
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Pelagianism |
Original sin did not taint human nature and that mortal will still capable of choosing good or evil without special divine aid |
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Theology |
Study of the nature of God and religious belief |
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Scripture |
The sacred writings of either the Old or New Testament of Christianity in the Bible |
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Old Testament |
First section of the Christian Bible, based on Hebrew Bible, portraying a scary God who is unforgiving |
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New Testament |
second major part of the Christian Bible, written by disciples of Jesus Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, portraying a forgiving and loving God who cares for all people. |
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Patristic |
study of the Early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers |
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Revelation |
the divine or supernatural disclosure to humans of something relating to human existence or the world |
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Tradition |
doctrine believed to have divine authority althought not in the Scriptures: customs or beliefs through generations |
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Natural Theology |
Theology or knowledge of God based on observed facts and experience apart from divine revelation |
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The "Five Ways" |
1. The unmoved mover - whatever is in motion is put in motion by another. The first mover is God 2. The first cause - God must have been the cause, or the creator of the Universe. There is an uncaused cause of all that caused 3. The argument from contingency - There must be a necessary being whose existence is not contingent on any other being 4. The argument from degree - varying degrees of perfection may be found throughout the universe. Perfection must have a pinnacle 5. The teleological argument - There exists an intelligent being that guides all natural bodies toward their ends |
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Deism |
Belief in the existence of a supreme being, a creator who does not intervene in the universe |
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Atheism |
Disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of God |
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Apophatic |
Negative Theology - we do not know what God is, but what God is not |
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Kataphatic |
Positive Theology - positive statements about God Mystical theology - "God is not love. God is not good. Our description are inadequate for God" |
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Self-Subsisting Being |
A being that exists and continues to exist; to have independent, timeless existence. |
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The Divine Attributes (Perfection, Infinity, Simplicity, Immutability, and Omnipresence) |
God is the pinnacle of perfection, exists forever (Infinite), without parts (simple and beyond composition), unchanging in his character, will, and covenant promises (Immutable), and present everywhere at the same time (omnipresence) |
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Perichoresis |
(“mutual interpenetration”): each person is distinct; yet each participates in the life of the others through perichoresis |
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Appropriation |
attribution to a single divine Person to those characteristics or activities of God which are in fact not proper to an individual Person but rather common to the 3 Persons of the Trinity (e.g., wisdom to the Son, love to the Spirit) |
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Immanent Trinity |
= The Ontological Trinity, speaks of the interior life of the Trinity - the reciprocal relationships of Father, Son and Spirit to each other without reference to God's relationship with creation |
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Economic Trinity |
doctrine concerning how the Father, Son and Holy Spirit relate to each other and the world. |
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Filioque |
Latin term "and from the Son", added to the Nicene Creed, subject of great controversy between Eastern and Western Christianity "Who proceeds from the Father (and the Son)" |
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Theodicy |
Address the problems why all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good God allows evil - evil is not a real thing itself, just deprivation of goods |
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Human being |
Prior to the Fall, human beings endowed with sanctifying graces: no death, suffering, alienation and concupiscence - fundamental human problems. |
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Mortal sin (deadly) |
willful and total turning away from our last end (God) for the sake of some temporal things. |
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Venial sins (excusable) |
hurt the relationship with God and others, do not involve a fundamental choice to oppose God. |
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Christology |
field of study within Christian theology which is primarily concerned with the nature and person of Jesus as recorded in the canonical Gospels and the epistles of the New Testament. |
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Soteriology |
study of religious doctrines of salvation |
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Priest |
person authorized to perform sacred rituals of religion |
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Sacrifice |
An offering |
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The Historical Jesus |
factual view of Jesus, a real person? |
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Eschatology |
"knowledge of the last things" - human reflection on death, what happens after death, and the ultimate destiny of all human beings and creations. |
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Pneumatology |
Christian theology concerned with the Holy Spirit |
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Paraclete |
refers to the Holy Spirit |
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Deification |
one that embodies the qualities of a God |
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Ecclesiology |
"study of the Church" , ekklesia = community foretold in the OT: idea that God will bring together all nations Church model in NT: people of Gods, community of Spirits, mystical body of Christ |
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Corpus Permixtum |
Church has sinners but still holy >< Donatism no one is free of error and pure, Church is of mixed body |
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mysteries |
thing we cant explain |
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mystical |
mysteries are mystical |
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Ex opere operato |
"from the work worked" - the idea that sacraments are efficacious in and of themselves rather than depending on the attitude either of the minister or the recipient |
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Transubstantiation |
the change of substance by which the bread and the wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the Body and Blood of Jesus ... |
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Consubstantiation |
the doctrine that the substance of the bread and wine coexists with the body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist. |
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Paedobaptism |
infant baptism |
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Death |
direct experience of death is impossible apart from the person dying; we cannot know it from the inside; (1) death is certain; (2) it comes at an unknown moment; (3) it cannot be undone. Death comes from the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden. |
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Punishment |
an acceptance of death as punishment. Punishment is a corrective, non-final; it’s temporary |
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Beatific vision |
blessed vision. The Beatific Vision = the essence of God himself; creatures known to God - a gift from God (not created from nature); will experience after death → basically the unification with God |
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New Jerusalem |
God’s holy city…metaphor that God is not interested in picking out people ... Jesus wept for and was crucified in |
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Damnum "loss" |
disconnection of a sinner from god and the people of god. Principle and worst pain of hell. |
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Modernity |
Facts, observation and logic...truth absolute truth...hard science |
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Postmodernity |
it’s where we are now; we are skeptical...Facts and truth are created by assumptions...radical science |
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Amen |
“True”/ “so be it”/ “it is true”: I assent to this or I agree |
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Yahweh ( YHWH ) |
God in Judaism Not said out of respect and the infinite nature of God and His holiness |
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Socrates |
Greek philosopher - founders of Western philosophy - famous work Dialogue |
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Plato |
Said material things are not real, only your soul is real and makes you you, body is determined element in this unity |
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Aristotle |
united science and theology, universe stems from divine first cause rather than being run by deities, caused gain of rational theology, though Greek thinkers struggled w/ keeping religion and philosophy together |
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Jesus of Nazareth |
- prophet - madman - revolutionary - Savior - saved us from original sin allowed us to go to heaven and be born again - Pacifist - Healer - symbol (of hope, love, righteousness, the “common man,” human suffering, etc.) |
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Paul of Tarsus |
the most important of all the Christian apostles – spread Christianity; instrumental in growing the church; wrote much of the new testament |
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Tertullian |
coined the phrase Trinity (theological term); early Church theologian especially According to Tertullian, “Sacrament” can refer to 1) Mystery of god’s salvation 2) Church symbols and rites associated with God’s salvation |
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Athanasius |
we can’t fully understand the nature of Jesus Christ but we HAVE to say that he way a human being/had human nature, otherwise he couldn’t have been like us to identify with us in order to save us; but couldn’t ONLY be human b/c then couldn’t save us |
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Cyril of Alexandria |
Jesus is both God and man. Those two natures are united in his one person. His human nature was united to God (not just a man who really loved God). |
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Augustine of Hippo |
thought Donatist’s heresy was profound - There is no need to think of everyone as perfect and holy b/c church is mixed body of saints and sinners - Church is holy b/c its founder is holy, not its members…church will be perfected when God perfects it |
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Constantine |
Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire |
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Anselm of Canterbury |
ontological argument!!! God is greatest thing… Things that exist in reality are greater than in the imagination which means that God exists in reality Cur Deus Homo- why did God become man?God became man because only God can overcome this gap and debt Controversial because Jesus is being forced to go to the cross, but Jesus’ own love for humanity compelled Him to go to the cross |
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Thomas Aquinas |
The "Five Ways" |
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Martin Luther |
start reformation… believes consubstantiation = spiritual presence of Jesus but not actual presence...called a heretic...led to modernity |
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John Calvin |
Protestant Reformations |
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Huldrych Zwingli |
in response to Christ in Eucharist: Eucharist is just a memorial...not actual presence of Christ in it in response to infant baptism: want to replace it with adult baptism |
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Menno Simons |
Begin Mennonites |
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Jonathan Edwards |
give speech about Hell |
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H.S. Reimarus |
a German philosopher and writer of the Enlightenment who is remembered for his Deism, the doctrine that human reason can arrive at a knowledge of God and ethics from a study of nature and our own internal reality, thus eliminating the need for religions based on revelation. He denied the supernatural origin of Christianity,and is credited by some with initiating historians' investigation of the historical Jesus |
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Albert Schweitzer |
responded to move of research into the life of Jesus |
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Immanuel Kant |
Enlightenment philosopher who was skeptical of metaphysical claims…challenges Anselm’s argument… “w/o transcendent being, there is no morality” |
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Ludwig Feuerbach |
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were strongly influenced by Feuerbach's atheism, though they criticised him for his inconsistent espousal of materialism |
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Søren Kierkegaard |
Existentialist...Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a "single individual", giving priority to concrete human reality over abstract thinking and highlighting the importance of personal choice and commitment. |
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Karl Barth |
greatest Protestant theologian... dialectical theology due to its stress on the paradoxical nature of divine truth (e.g., God's relationship to humanity embodies both grace and judgment)... the father of neo-orthodoxy |
