Theology

Front 1

Pathocoenosis

Back 1

the ensemble of pathological states present in a specific population at a given moment in time

Front 2

Osteoarchaeology

Back 2

the study of bones from archaeological excavations

Front 3

Paleopathology

Back 3

the science of diseases whose existence can be demonstrated on the basis of human and animal remains from ancient times

Front 4

Paleodemography

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the demographic traits among ancient peoples

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sociology

Back 5

the scientific study of human society and social interaction

Front 6

medical sociology

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the study of health care as it is institutionalized in a society, and of health, or illness, and its relationship to social factors

Front 7

society

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a population marked by relative separation from surrounding populations and a distinctive culture

Front 8

health

Back 8

social, psychological, and emotional wellness

Front 9

illness

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interference with or disturbance of health

Front 10

illness behavior

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the way in which symptoms are perceived, evaluated, and acted upon by a person who recognizes some pain, discomfort, or other signs of organic malfunction

Front 11

the sick role

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the privileges, exemptions, & expectations/obligations that a society accepts for those who are sick

Front 12

stigma

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(literally means tattoo or mark) a mark of disgrace or infamy; a stain or reproach on one's reputation

Front 13

health care system

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a set of interacting resources, institutions, & strategies that are intended to maintain or restore heath in a particular community

Front 14

biological reductionism

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the attempt to reduce every disease and illness to a biological cause

Front 15

social epidemiology

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study of the causes and distribution of diseases and impairments within a population

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social medicine

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efforts to improve public health

Front 17

medicalization

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the way in which the jurisdiction of modern medicine has expanded in recent years and now encompasses many problems that formerly were not defined as medical entities (e.g., childbirth)

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self-care

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the broad range of behaviors initiated by individuals to promote optimal health, prevent illness, detect symptoms of ill health, heal acute illness, and manage chronic conditions

Front 19

medical anthropology

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that sub-division of anthropology that focuses on how people and different cultures and social groups explain the causes of ill-health, the types of treatment they believe in, and to whom they turn if they become ill

Front 20

culture

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an organized system of symbols by which persons, things, and events are endowed with socially-shared meanings and values

Front 21

disease

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a malfunctioning of biological and/or physcological processes

Front 22

illness

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the psychological experience and meaning of perceived disease; how the sick person and the members of the family or wider social network perceive, live with, and respond to symptoms and disability

Front 23

impairment

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the loss of some physiological or anatomical function

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disability

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the consequence of an impairment

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curing

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the strategy of destroying or checking a pathogen, removing a malfunctioning or non-functioning organ, restoring a person to health or well-being

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healing

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the personal and institutional responses to perceived disease and illness

Front 27

explanatory model

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the notions about an episode of sickness and its treatment that are employed by all those engaged in the clinical process

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personalistic etiologies

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ascribe the cause to a loss of equilibrium of natural substances

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naturalistic etiologies

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ascribe the cause to a loss of equilibrium of natural substances

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medicine

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a body of scientific knowledge combined with an accumulation of skills aimed at the diagnosis and treatment of disease

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alternative medicine

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those methods which replace those of current orthodox medicine

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complementary medicine

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those methods which are applied alongside of and in conjunction with orthodox medical treatment

Front 33

Asclepiades

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causal role of the condition of the pores

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Galen

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pneuma, not blood, circulated throughout the body

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William Harvey

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role of heart in blood circulation

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Morgagni

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anatomical concept of disease

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Rudolf Virchow

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cell as basic physiological matter; disease begins with some alteration in the normally functioning, healthy cell; leading proponent of the importance of environmental influences on health and illness

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Louis Pasteur

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germ theory of disease

Front 39

Joseph Lister

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importance of surgical cleanliness