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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edict of Milan
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In 313 AD, this Edict by Emperor Constantine made strides towards establishing Christianity as the official state religion of Rome. The measures are fully implemented once Constantine becomes the sole Roman Emperor in 323 AD.
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Council of Nicea I
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The first Ecumenical Council was called by the Emperor Constantine in 325 AD. It was meant to address the teachings of Arius, who was chanllenging Justin Martyr's hierarchy of Father -> Son/Logos -> World (was Jesus created by God? "There was when he was not"). This of course was unacceptable, because Christianity is supposed to be monotheistic. At the council, the Nicene Creed is created which contained the phrase "homoousios" meaning that God/Jesus are the same being/essence. This creates much confusion because how can the Father equal the Son? This was deemed to be modalism, a heresy, by the Council of Antioch in 368 AD.
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Council of Antioch
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In 368 AD, the council determined that the Nicene's Creed insertion of "homoousios" was modalism.
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Council of Constantinople I
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The second Ecumenical Council was called in 381 AD in order to revise the Nicene Creed and to make it more permanent (now only Ecumenical Councils could reform it)
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Council of Ephesus
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In 431 AD, the Council of Ephesus was called by Emperor Theodosius II in repsonse to the Cyril/Nestorius question. Nestorius, the Archbishop of Constantinople, was upset at the usage of the term "theotokos" because it diminished the role of Jesus in his eyes, and he saw God/Jesus as TWO distinct natures, not unified.
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