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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of history?
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a reconstruction of the past in the mind from sources
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4 parts of history- #1
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1) a reconstruction
reconstructing the past (recreating what happened) telling the story *we are receiving a reconstruction because it doesn't happen now and it was in the past |
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4 parts of history- #2
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2) of the past
everything that has ever happened. has to be about the past. a human event that is not made up *it is not concerned with the future, and history is huge, which is every single human event that has ever happened |
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4 parts of history- #3
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3) in the mind
not physically experiencing history, we imagine it. need to be careful about prejudice in our minds (separate history from our own minds) *when we hear and talk about history, it is in our minds and we imagine it. We have to also be prejudice about hisory because other people have different views. Structures of the people in our world didn't exist back then because the culture is different. history is massive and in our minds, we break it down later rather than when the event actually happens |
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4 parts of history- #4
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4) from sources
history is objective to us because of sources. bible is a significant source. anything written down *history is objective to us from sources |
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More History Notes
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Christ choose what point to come in history
History is not tradition, but the study of tradition |
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History is not the same as ___
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tradition
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Define Theology. Why is it the "queen of sciences?"
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study of God/ faith seeking understanding
Theology is the study of the creator as the natural science is study of creation *theology is a science we already know about God, study of the creator, and therefore the queen of sciences because nothing is greater thank God. |
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What is Ecclesiology?
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the study of the church
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What is the Church
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people God has called together in his new covenant
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2 ways the Church has remained the same for 2000 years
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The teachings of the Church have stayed the same effectively
The church has constitutionally stayed the same Trinity |
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4 marks of the Church (One holy catholic apostolic)
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one - unity
holy - set apart for/by God catholic - universal (church for all people) apostolic - founded by the apostles who passed down authority |
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2 ways the church has changed since her foundation
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Mass -> language has changed from Latin to English
Modernization of the Mass -> changed its expression to make it easier for people |
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The church is in ________, but at the same time she _________ it. It is only with "________" that one can see her in her _________ reality and at the same time in her ________ reality as the bearer of divine life
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The church is in __history__, but at the same time she __transcends__ it. It is only with "__the eyes of faith__" that one can see her in her __visible__ reality and at the same time in her __spiritual__ reality as the bearer of divine life
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Define Covenant
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a familial bond that is meant to endure for eternity
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# covenants between God and man
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6 (6 is between Jesus and man)
Jesus is the final covenant b/w God and man through his sacrifice on the cross |
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Why is it necessary for God to offer us these covenants
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offending God's infinite dignity demands infinite retribution
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What was the Roman policy concerning religion for occupied peoples
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tolerance: foreign cultures permitted to keep their own religious practices
integration: required to worship the Roman Gods *they merged and integrated religions |
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Benefits of the Roman policy
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keep subjects happy
common worship brings unity the places conquered were less likely to rebel |
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Why didn't Jews have to worship Roman gods
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Romans Wanted:
to keep peace and ensure that there is no revolt respected the antiquity of the Jews (romans did not force them and respected the age of their faith) |
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Why did the jews want to execute Jesus
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blasphemy
he offended the Jews by saying he was God |
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Why could the Jews not carry out Jesus' execution themselves
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under Roman occupation they were not permitted to carry out executions
no permission took Jesus to Pilate we are all guilty |
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5 COVENANTS in OT #1
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Adam
sign - the Sabbath those included - man and woman |
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5 COVENANTS in OT #2
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Noah
sign - the Rainbow those included - a Family |
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5 COVENANTS in OT #3
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Abraham
sign - circumcision those included - a Tribe |
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5 COVENANTS in OT #4
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Moses
sign - the 10 Commandments those included - a Nation |
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5 COVENANTS in OT #5
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David
sign - Eternal Kingship those included - a Kingdom |
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define gentile
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non-jew
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Meaning of Peter's vision in Acts 10
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some law is only meant for a certain time and place (so some of the law will be gone)
the Church is not only for Jews gentiles are allowed in Church dietary laws are diminished (God tells him to eat it, but there was unhealthy food and he doesn't want to eat it) |
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Question at Council of Jerusalem
What decision did the Apostles reach at the Council? |
what must Gentiles do to become Christians? circumcised or baptized?
Do not need to be circumcised in order to become Christians |
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Why the decision at Council of Jerusalem
What wer the consequences of this decision? |
- gentiles would be less likely to convert if they had to be circumcised
- Jesus established a new covenant and circumcision was initiation into the old covenant - christianity splits from Judaism - different beliefs and initiation practice - christians aren't exempt from worshiping Roman gods |
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Define Pax Romana
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peace of rome (lasted 200 years)
allows the apostles to travel & preach facilitates travel |
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What can we learn from the fact that the Church survives persecution
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1. church is built on the sacrifice of the martyrs
2. holy spirt guards and guides the Church 3. church will last until the end of time |
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Define martyr
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witness to the faith
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Why did Romans fear Christians
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unsure of beliefs
they became suspicious of practices |
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Who was Nero
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- cruel, psychotic, paranoid, crazy
- emperor at 17 - wanted to make room for a palace - thought he started fire that lasted 9 day, destroys most of town -blamed Christians for setting fire - took christians and tortured them |
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What was the motto concerning persecution (Nero's motto)
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Christiani non sint
(Christians no more!) |
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Define Apostasy
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rejecting the faith
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What were the people who had denied the faith called
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lapsi
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What did the bishops decide to do when these people wanted to be re-admitted to the Church (i.e. what were the conditions placed upon them)
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bishops choose to re-admit the lapsi
had to complete confession and a long period of public penance schism (separation of Church) occurs over this issue |
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Who was St. Ireneaus of Lyon
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130-200 AD
disciple of Polycarp bishop in Gaul (France) systematically described the origin and history of each heresy in the early Church |
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What did St. Lawrence tell the guards during his martyrdom
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"I'm roasted enough on this side, turn me around"
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What were some other ways that Christians were persecuted (other than by death)
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taxed
ceasing/destruction of possessions |
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What happened at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge
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Constantine sees a vision of Christ cross or Px and triumphs and wins against 4:1 ration army (he was the smaller one)
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When was the Edict of Milan enacted and what 3 things did it enact
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313 AD
- Freedom of practice of Christianity - Freedom to worship publicly - Seized property is restored |
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What does St. Helen recover from the Holy Land
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relics from the life of Christ
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Define Heresy
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species of unbelief, belonging to those who profess the Christian faith, but corrupt its dogmas (distortion of the church)
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Define Material Heresy
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ignorance of the truth, misunderstanding of particular aspects of the faith. Mistake of the believers but a grave matter that must be corrected
*believing in something that is wrong w/o knowing it is wrong or the church has the authority to teach |
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Define Formal Heresy
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free choice, full understanding of the teaching of the church to hold doctrines that are clearly contrary to those of the church
*someone who makes a free choice and they know it's wrong and know that the church teaches it |
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What is the Ecumenical council
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- called to solve some problem in the church
- gathering of bishops of the world - teachings have highest authority - definitions regarding morals and faith are infallible - universally binding |
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What is Docetism (primary tenets)
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a type of Gnostic heresy
belief in 2 gods -> demi-god(bad) (material things)/ good god (angel souls) (spiritual things) |
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What does Arianism teach (primary tenets)
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-taught that Jesus was not God nor equal to the father
-said that Jesus was an "exceptional creature" founded by a priest named Arius (250-336) |
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When,who, and what started the Council of Nicea
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- 325
- Pope Sylvester 1 and Emperor Constantine - concerned about division in empire |
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Who is St. Athanasius
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took lead role at the Council against Arians
said Christ was "as the same substance as the Father (consubstantial)" |
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Outcomes of Council of Nicea
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Nicean creed is composed to articulate the Church's belief that Jesus is both God and man
heretical bishops are exiled |
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What happend to Arianisms in the empire after the council
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Arians are exiled, then return, Arianism spreads to the Germanic tribes & Scandinavian countries
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First 6 Ecumenical Councils had what in common
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Who is Christ
Chirstological Questions |
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Why can we never fully understand the Trinity or the Hypostatic union
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absolute mystery that no non-divine person can comprehend
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What is a substance/essence/nature/ousia
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that which defines what a thing is
ex: 1 = 1 |
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Define hypostasis
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the existence of a thing
or instantiation of a thing |
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What is a person
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rational hypostasis
capable of reason |
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What is an accident
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things possessed by a hypostasis (non-essential)
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What is relation
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type of accident in reference to something else
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What is a Father of the Church
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first magesterium -> they developed theology
--> teaching authority of the church first group of men that taught dogma (set or principles) |
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Criteria to be a father of the church(4)
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1) Antiquity (old 0-749 AD)
2) Holiness of life 3) Orthodoxy of doctrine (directed on their teachings, correct on big things) 4) Ecclesiastical approval (church cared enough about their writing that they preserved them) |
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Characteristics/methods of the Fathers of the Church (4)
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1) Mix of theology/spirituality/practicality
2) Commentators on the Bible 3) Strong defense of the faith 4) Sense of mystery |
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Divisions of the Fathers of the Church and common themes in each (5)
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1) apostolic fathers
2) apologists (strong defense of faith) 3) 3rd century fathers (develop theology) 4) golden age fathers (write w/o fear of their death, larger and more thorough) 5) later father |
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3 Apostolic Fathers
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Polycarp, St. Ignatius of Antioch, Pope St. Clement I
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List the factors that lead to the fall of Rome (3)
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Emperor Constantine moves to Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern part of the Empire, in 330 AD
Military moves w/ the Emperor & leaves Rome w/o defenses Invasion by Barbarian tribes, it occurs over many years |
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List the groups that attacked Rome during this time period (6) (* -> Arian)
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- Visigoths*
- Ostrogoths* - Vandals* - Lombards* - Franks - Huns |
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List the effects of the Barbarian invasions (6)
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1) Barbarian violence is introduced into Roman culture
2) Economic decline begins - Roads become unsafe - Crime increases 3) Academic pursuits abandoned - Illiteracy becomes the norm 4) Many people thought that the world was coming to an end - Some said "The mother of the world has died", world coming to an end b/c Rome is failing 5) The Church recognizes that she is universal for all people 6) The Church begins to work to evangelize the Barbarian tribes |
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SAINT-St John the Apostle
How did he die? What books of the Bible did he write? |
- Natural Causes (only apostle to die this way)
- 5 Books in the NT (Gospel of John, Revelation, 3 Epistles of John) |
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SAINT-St. Bartholomew
How did he die? What other name does he go by? |
- Skinned alive
- Nathanael |
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SAINT- St. Thomas
Why was he called Doubting Thomas? Where did he evangelize? |
- Doubted the resurrection of Jesus & demanded to feel his wounds
- India |
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SAINT- St. Ignatius of Antioch
How did he die? Whats the relevance of the letters he wrote? |
- Eaten by wild beasts, martyred
- Wrote 7 letters and about Church, structure of Church and sacraments, bishops - Christ is present in Church - wrote about faith - people should obey the bishops and act w/ approval - asked people to care for the less fortunate |
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SAINT- Pope St. Leo the Great
What is the tome of St. Leo? How did he save Rome? |
- 1 of 143 letters and sacraments
- basis of council of Chalcedon - dogmatic definition of Christ being one divine person with 2 complete natures human and divine - Confronted Attila the Hun - Threatened him with the power of St. Peter, prince of the Apostles |
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SAINT- St. Ambrose
How did he respond to Arian threat? What was his most famous topics to preach Who did he help convert? |
- Was obstinate and didn't let any of the Arians change the Church teachings
- Patience - St. Augustine of Hippo |
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SAINT- St. Jerome
What was his most famous accomplishments? (2) Describe his temperament? |
- He translated the Bible into Latin, aka Vulgate
- Wrote commentaries on the prophets, helped with commentaries on the Bible - bad, argumentative, sarcastic, many people disliked him |
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SAINT- St. Martin of Tours
What did he do while he was a catechumen? |
- Was riding his horse, ripped his cloak in half and gave it to a poor man. Then had a vision of God and angels with God wearing the cloak saying Martin clothed him
-became baptized next day & converted to Christianity - became a monk |
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SAINT- St. Basil the Great
Describe interaction between Basil and Modastus? Contributions to the church? (3) |
- Had negative response and they did not get along
- doctor and father of church - opposed heresy, created monastic order, lead spiritual life |
