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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ways ekklesia is used in NT |
ekklesia=assembly, congregation,church 1. House churches 2. Believers in a particular location 3. Group of churches in a particular region 4. Churches generally 5. The Church throughout the entire world 6. The Church in heaven |
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What does it mean for the church to be local? |
It is a concrete assembly of believers in a specific location |
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What does it mean for the church to be universal? |
Includes all Christians throughout the world who are living |
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What does it mean for the church to be heavenly? |
Involves all those who are presently enjoying fellowship with Christ in heaven |
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What does it mean for the church to be one? |
-The unity of the Church -We are united because there are realities outside of us that unit us - We are maintaining unity; not creating it |
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What does it mean for the church to be holy? |
The purity of the Church -Holy in two ways 1. Positionally (sanctified) 2. Progressive aspect (called to be holy) |
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What does it mean for the church to be catholic? |
The universality of the Church -no physical, social, etc. boundaries in the Church -the church is wherever the gospel is preached In Roman Catholic view: common liturgy, leader (pope), organized structure, and language (Latin) |
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What does it mean for the church to be apostolic? |
The apostolicity of the Church -Church's connection to Christ's apostles -NT is apostolic tradition In Roman Catholic view: apostolic succession |
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What does it mean for the church to be visible? |
The Church as we see it - Mixed bag of people who profess Jesus -Mix of believers and unbelievers |
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What does it mean for the church to be invisible? |
The Church as God sees it -Assembly of every true Christian |
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Two metaphors for the church and what there significance is for understanding the church |
1. Family: church has structure just like a family; church cares for one another 2. The Body of Christ: we complement each other and work together in the church; we connect to Christ; unified but diverse |
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4 "Marks of the Church" |
1. The Ministry of the Word 2. The Proper Administration of the Sacraments/Ordinances 3. Exercise of Church Discipline 4. Qualified Leadership |
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Why is ministry of the Word important? |
Where the Word of God is not preached it is not a church; even if the group is Christian |
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Why is proper administration of the sacraments/ordinances important? |
Sacraments preach in a way that a service can't (visual proclamation) |
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Why is exercise of church discipline important? |
-The decisions of the Church are ratified in heaven. -It's about accountability -We don't reap the benefits of accountability if we remain anonymous in the church |
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Why is qualified leadership important? |
-The church has structure -Leaders have qualifications |
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What is the #1 mark of the church according to Luther? |
The Word of God is preached, believed, confessed, and acted upon |
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Four purposes of the church |
1. Ministry to God or worship 2. Ministry to other believers 3. Ministry to the world 4. Preservation of the Truth of the Gospel |
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Two differences between Biola University and the church according to Berding |
1. There is no church discipline or accountability at Biola. You need the leadership of the local church to do this. 2. Intergenerational life is more present in the local church than in a university. |
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Roman Catholic view of baptism |
-Initiation rite: way you get into the church -Entryway to all other sacraments -Necessary for salvation -Personal faith not required for infants -"Epiclesis": a prayer where the priest call the Holy Spirit upon the water -Receive an "indelible character" -Forgiveness of sins -Regeneration and sanctification -Incorporation into the communion of saints |
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Lutheran view of baptism |
"infant faith": God creates this faith prior to baptism or simultaneously with baptism |
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Reformed view of baptism |
-Baptism strengthens faith -Regarding infant baptism, baptism is God's promise of salvation to children who continue in baptismal vows |
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Anabaptists view of baptism |
-Is an act of confession on the human's part -Signifies the transition from paganism to Christianity -Signifies faith and repentance -Is a pledge of obedience -Is not necessary for salvation |
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Two arguments for baptism by full immersion |
-There are NT passages that demand baptism in the sense of immersion (baptism of Jesus and Ethiopian eunuch) -Full immersion is a better symbol of Christians dying and rising with Christ and also the washing and cleansing from sin |
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Roman Catholic interpretation of the Lord's Supper |
-Transubstantiation: bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Jesus - Substance has changed; accidental property has not |
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Lutheran interpretation of the Lord's Supper |
-Consubstantiation: Christ is present "in, with, and under" the elements of the bread and wine -Christ physical body is infused in elements (sacramental union) |
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Ulrich Zwingli's interpretation of the Lord's Supper |
-It is a memorial
-Christ is not specially present at the Lord's Supper -Elements are just symbols |
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Clavin interpretation of the Lord's Supper |
-Spiritual presence
-By faith we commune with Christ through the sacraments -We commune with Christ by the Holy Spirit -Sacraments nourish us/strengthen our faith |
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Meaning and significance of Lord's Supper |
1. The Lord's Supper is a sacrificial meal where God is the host and we share in the sacrifice. It nourishes us 2. It is a symbol of the death of Jesus; reminds us of His death and resurrection 3. Christ is specially present in the Lord's Supper. It is not just a mere remembrance. 4. It underscores the unity of all believers 5. It is a cause for thanksgiving 6. It is the visible word of God's promise of forgiveness. It proclaims Christ's death. 7. Reminds us that Jesus will come one day and there will be an end to the Lord's Supper |
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Spiritual Gifts: Special Abilities View |
-charismata and pneumatika refer to abilities or power -spiritual gifts are thus abilities given by the Spirit -1 Cor 12:8-10 activities that require special manifestation of Spirit -Gifts need to be discovered one way or another -Once discovered, gifts are to be used in ministry to benefit the church |
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Spiritual Gifts: Spiritual Ministries View |
-charismata and pneumatika generally do not refer to abilities, but have a range of meanings in NT -1 Cor 12 charismata refers to activities, ministries or persons in those ministries -spiritual gifts are thus ministries given by the Spirit -1 Cor 12:27-31 refer to ministries not abilities -"gift" = a ministry given by God to the persons and the church |
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How did Anizor define the "kingdom of God"? |
God's people in God's place under God's rule |
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Identify four of the kingdom hopes of God's OT people |
1. Anointed One (Messiah): king to establish God's rule 2. Restoration of Israel to past glory (land and God filling temple) 3. New Covenant 4. Outpouring of the Spirit |
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Define/describe "inaugurated eschatology" |
-End times have begun in Jesus' first coming and will be completed in Jesus' second coming -Example of Already-Not Yet Tension -1st coming, intermediate state, 2nd coming, resurrection, judgment, New Creation |
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Identify and describe one alternative Christian view of the intermediate state |
Soul sleep: soul between death and the resurrection rests in a state of unconsciousness, so that the next event one experiences is the resurrection Acts 7:60; 1 Thess 4:13-15 |
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The traditional view of the intermediate state |
1. Believers go immediately into God's presence when they die. 2. Hell (or some sort of unpleasant state) is immediate for unbelievers 3. We await the resurrection and will eventually reign with Christ. The second death will not affect us, but is prepared for the devil and those who follow him. 4. There is no second opportunity to accept Christ after death. |
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Basic points of ressurection |
-The resurrection is taught in the OT (Daniel 12:2) -Both the righteous and the unrighteous will be resurrected |
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1 Corinthians 15's teaching on the resurrection |
vv. 1-10: establishes that Jesus resurrected and His resurrection is the heart of the gospel vv. 12-14, 16-19: The resurrection is the foundation of our faith. We are to be pitied if the resurrection never happened. vv. 21-22: Contrasting death with Adam and resurrected life with Jesus vv. 31-32: Resurrection motivates us to live sacrificially vv. 40-44, 49: Describing what our resurrected bodies will be like |
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The Basics of the Final Judgment |
1. Jesus will be the judge. 2. Unbelievers will be judged 3. Believers will be judged 4. Angels will be judged and we will participate in that judgment |
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Arguments for the universalist view of final destiny for unbelievers |
1. Eternal punishment is inconsistent with God's love. 2. "Eternal" could mean a long but limited period. It could also mean the quality of something (John 17:3) 3. Scripture offers hope for a final restoration (Colossians 1:19-20) |
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Arguments for the traditional view of the final destiny for unbelievers |
1. A theology of divine judgment (Noah, Israel, Israel's exile) 2. The seriousness of sin (defiance and hostility) 3. Eternal = everlasting (Matt 25:41,46) 4. Rev 14:9-11 |
