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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Positive Law? |
Man-Made law enacted by proper authority for the government of an organized society |
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Natural Law |
Knowledge of right and wrong written into our hearts- do good and avoid evil |
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What is social justice? |
Based on the concepts of human rights and equality, world that gives groups and individuals fair treatment and impartial share |
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What does the catholic teaching say about social justice? |
Doctrine that treats the collective aspect of humanity; echoes elements of old testament and recalls teachings of Jesus |
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What are the 8 key themes of Catholic Social Teaching? |
1) Life and Dignity 2) The family 3) Rights and responsibilities 4)Preferential option for the poor 5) Dignity of work and the rights of workers 6)Principle of solidarity 7)Principle of stewardship 8)The common good |
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What does Rerum Novarum mean and what is it about? |
Meaning: Of New Things -mutual duties bwt capital and labor -response to social instability and labor conflict * Main idea: rights of labor and workers but rejects unrestricted capitalism |
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What is Das Kapital? |
A critical analysis of capitalism and its practical economic application |
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What does Pacem in Terris Mean? |
Peace on Earth. Issued at the height of the cold war by Pope John |
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What is Populorum Progressio and what did it discuss? |
(Pope Paul VI) The Development of Peoples. -asserts free international trade alone is not enough to correct economic issures. Ecourages richer nations to help poorer nations |
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What is Laborem Exercens and what did it discuss? |
(Pope John Paul II) On Human Work -Encourages people to address social issues among diverse groups and unify one another |
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What is Liberation Theology? |
-School of theology that focuses on Jesus Christ as Redeemer and Liberator of Oppressed. -Only partially compatible with catholic social teaching due to the use of marxism. |
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What does the "theocentric option" mean and imply? |
having God as the focal point or center of thoughts, interests, and feelings |
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What are the Beatitudes? |
They capture the vision of Jesus and the new way her interprets and applies the earlier Jewish biblical tradition. -Two accounts of the Beatitudes-Matthew and Luke in the New Testament |
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What is "preferential option for the poor"? |
Society and economic policy must be viewed from the perspective of the poor and the pwerless |
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What is the Hebrew word for Justice? |
Tsedaqah |
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What are the 3 aspects of justice and what do they mean? |
commutative: relationships of society's members with one another distributive: fair distribution of benefits and burdens bwt a government and its people legal: responsibilities of citizens toward the state |
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"Mores" comes from the Latin Word _______? |
Behavior |
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What is conscience? |
The voice of God written in our hearts |
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What are the two critical aspects of moral decision-making? |
Freedom and Knowledge |
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Sin definition (before Vatican II)? |
an action or omission in violations of God's law |
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Sin definition (after Vatican II)? |
the focus is on the person who acts in sin |
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What is Covenant law? |
Judeo-Christian laws based on the 10 commandments |
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What is the role of the Church in ethics and morality? |
teaches that tradition (magisterium) and scripture form one source of revelation |
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What is magisterium? |
tradition |
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What are two extremes must we avoid? |
unquestioning obedience and rejection of authority |
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What does the Just War doctrine say? |
1) damage inflicted by the aggressor must be lasting, grave and certain 2) all other means of ending it must have been shown to be impractical or ineffective 3) serious prospects of success 4) must not produce evils greater than those to be eliminated |
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What are the 3 distinct Jewish ethnic groups? |
*split is cultural/geographical only 1) Ashkenazi Jews 2) Shepardi Jews 3) Yemenite Jews |
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What are the 3 branches of Judaism? |
1) Orthodox 2) Conservative 3) Reform |
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What does Hasidic Judasim involve? |
-Founded when Jewish people turned inward to Talmud Study -Exuberant worship |
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How did the Enlightenment influence Judaism? |
-Led to reduction in European laws that prohibited Jews to interat with secular world - 3 disciplines of Judaism were founded |
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What makes a person Jewish? |
-Anyone born of a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism in accord with Jewish Law -Reform Judaism accepts child of one Jewish parent if raised by Jewish lifestyle |
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What is the communal Jewish prayer of 10 adult male Jews referred to as? |
Minyan |
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What is Shabbat? |
Every Saturday where Jews are forbidden to perform work, and must rest |
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What is Passover? |
Commemorates Exodus from Egypt |
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What is the Nostra Aetate? |
a watershed document that challenged chrisitians and catholics to look at their thinking toward jewish people |
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What kind of religion is Islam? |
Abrahamic religion |
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What does Islam mean? |
Submission to God |
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What do Muslims believe about the message of God? |
God delivered his final message to humanity through the prophet Muhammad via the archangel Gabriel. -Muhammad is God's final prophet -Reject the theory of the holy trinity and divinity of Jesus- compares it to polytheism |
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What are the 5 pillars of Islam? |
1) creed 2) ritual prayer (salah) 3) alms-giving (zakat) 4) fasting 5) pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) |
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What are the Muslim Ablutions before prayer? |
Ritual washing of face, hands, and feet done with water, or clean sand, earth, or wall when water is unavailable |
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What is Sharia? |
Sharia- the path leading to the watering place -expression of the divine will and covers all aspects of life |
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What does Jihad mean? |
"To strive or struggle" -exerting one's utmost power in contending with an object of disapprobation - when said without a qualifier, understood in a military sense -refers to striving to attain religious and moral perfection |
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What is greater jihad? |
striving for spiritual self-perfection |
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What is lesser Jihad? |
warfare |
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What are the three main Islamic denomiations? |
1) Sunni- 70% 2) Shi'a- 20% 3) Sufism and other denominations |
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What do Sunnis believe? |
first four caliphs were rightful successors to Muhammad |
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What do Shi'a believe? |
Ali ibn Abi Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad was rightful successor - referred to as Imam (leader) |
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What is an Imam? |
A leader rules by right of divine appointment and hold "absolute spiritual authority" |
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What is Sufism? |
mystical ascetic form of Islam |
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What does Allah translate to? |
Allah- The Diety |
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What is a sura? |
Chapter of the Qur'an |
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What is the Hijra? |
Emmigration |
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What does the name Muhammad mean? |
highly praised one |
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What are the 3 theological eras in the Catholic Church? |
1) Jewish Christianity 2) Hellenism and Europe 3) After Vatican II, the entire world |
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What is enculturation? |
Gospel must be translated into idioms of the local cultures |
