Theo Exam 2

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athanasius of alexandria

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bishop of alexandria and staunch opponent to arrianism

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avignon papacy

Back 2

referring to late middle ages when the pope moved his court to avignon, france.

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apologist

Back 3

meaning defender.the apologists of the early church attempted to respond to pagan criticism

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abbot

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the spiritual leader who governs an organized community of monks

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antony of egypt

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father of christian monasticism

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asceticism

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the training or discipline of passions and appetites

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anchoress/anchorite

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a hermit who pledges his or her life to prayer and contemplation.

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benedict of nursia

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founder of the benedictian monestary at monte cassino and author of Rules for Monestaries

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believer's baptism

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belief that baptism should be concious so its done when older

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catherine of sienna

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mystic of late midevil period dominican tertiary and big influence in bringing end to avignon papacy

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council of nicaea

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ecumenical council 325 C.E. christians against arius

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caliph

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one of the successors of Mohommad chosen to govern the Islam people after his death

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constantine

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the first christian emperor of rome

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cathars/albigensians

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meaning "pure ones" teaching that the world and flesh were the works of an evil god

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council of trent

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ecumenical council to address doctrinal and practical issues of reform

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cistercians

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a group of monks who sought religious reform by returning to benedictian way of life

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catholic reformation

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efforts of those roman catholics who wanted internal rebirth of catholic sensitivity

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dominicans

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order of beggar friars founded by St. Dominic

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dominic guzman

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founder of athe dominican order of mendicants

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double predestination

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Calvins version of God knowing who will go to heaven/hell before birth

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docetism

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from greek meaning "to seem" belief that jesus only appeared to be but not really have flesh

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ecumenical

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1. term applied for general council with church leaders 2. efforts to unify divided christian church

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election

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the idea that god mysteriously chooses who to enter into a relationship with

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edict of milan

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proclaimed religious tolerance in the roman empire

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francis of assisi

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founder of fransiscan order of friars

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fransiscans

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known for their radical understanding of their vow of poverty (friar minors)

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five pillars of islamic faith

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bear witness
prayer
fasting
alsmgiving
pilgrimage

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great schism

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period where there was more than one pope reigning at one time

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gnosticism

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believed in good and evil god, wanting to return to good without being ruined by this world

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gothic architecture

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tall thinning ceilings with pillars on the outside holding it up

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hijra

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arabic for migration, the migration of mohammed from mecca to medina

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iconoclast

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one who is opposed to the veneration of icons

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ignatius of loyola

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founder of jesuits, trained as knight but devoted life to jesus after reading books

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mecca

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the most holy city in islam

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imperial cult

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party political and party religious in honor of the emperor

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inocent III

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pope of catholic church best known for his political involvements

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Julian of Norwich

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author of SHowings, mystic in late middle ages, describs visions she got during brief illness

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john cassian

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father of western monasticism,

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jihad

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considered by some as the sixth pillar, the inner striving to purify ones self

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jesuits/society of jesus

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dedicated to pope, played important role in teachings and prayer

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lay investiture

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emperor and secular leaders choosing bishops and other positions

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mysticism

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spiritual phenomenon that has god expessing himself with one in a union

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mosque

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arabic for place of prayer, have open space where daily prayer is performed, one wall has nitch for indication of mecca

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mendicant

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beggars, but unlike monks lived in towns and villages, begged for livlihood and did what church needed to be done

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martyr

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someone who dies for faith

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patristic

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writers of the time are known as the fathers of the church

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pope gregory I

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first pope from monastic backround

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pope gregory VII

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best known for his part in investiture controversy

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protestant reformation

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initiated by Martin Luther, which eventually led to separation of catholics and protestants

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romanesque architecture

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more fort like, stoned vault like ceilings, small opening for light

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relic

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bodily remains of martyrs or other saints

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shi'ites

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means "partisans of Ali" mohammeds cousin and son-in-law

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simony

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buying and selling of spiritual things

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sacrament

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symbolic tradition consisting of words and visual geustures

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sunnis

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means "those who followed the examples of mohammed"

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teaching of arius

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thought only the father was god, jesus was not original

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vulgate

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latin translation of the bible

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voluntarist principle

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becoming active in the church is an active decision

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waldensians

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named for founder Valdes sought to return to apolostic life