Theme 6 Flashcards

Front 1

“dirty dozen”

Front 2

A horizon

Back 2

the top layer of a soil profile; usually contains humus (decomposed organic matter)

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Anemia

Back 3

Chronic iron deficiency caused by having a lack of healthy red blood cells.

Front 4

Aquaculture

Back 4

Production of food from aquatic habitats

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B horizon

Back 5

commonly referred to as the subsoil. They are a zone of accumulation where rain water percolating through the soil has leached material from above and it has precipitated within the B horizons or the material may have weathered in place. Well drained soils typically have the brightest color development within the B horizons.

Front 6

beriberi

Back 6

a vitamin defiency in which the body does not have enough thiamine (vitamin B1). Symptoms include fatigue, lethargy, etc.

Front 7

Biological control

Back 7

A set of methods to control pest organisms by using natural ecological interactions, including predation, parasitism, and competition. Part of integrated pest management.

Front 8

Broad spectrum pesticide

Back 8

A pesticide that is effective against many pests

Front 9

C horizon

Back 9

the third soil zone, consisting of material essentially unaltered by weathering, solution, or the action of plant roots

Front 10

Cash crop

Back 10

Crops grown to be traded in a market

Front 11

Chemical/artificial fertilizer

Front 12

Chronic hunger

Back 12

A condition in which there is enough food available per person to stay alive, but not enough to lead a satisfactory and productive life.

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Crop rotation

Back 13

growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons for various benefits such as avoiding the build up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped

Front 14

DDT

Back 14

A colorless contact insecticide, C14H9Cl5, toxic to humans and animals when swallowed or absorbed through the skin. It has been banned in the United States for most uses since 1972.

Front 15

Desertification

Back 15

The process of creating a desert where there was not one before.

Front 16

Drip irrigation

Back 16

irrigation of soil through tubes that drip water slowly, greatly reducing the loss of water from direct evaporation and increasing yield.

Front 17

E horizon

Front 18

Essential amino acid

Back 18

Any of eight of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids that are indispensable for optimum animal growth but cannot be formed in the body and must be supplied in the diet

Front 19

Eutrophication

Back 19

a natural process that occurs in an aging lake or pond as that body of water gradually builds up its concentration of plant nutrients.

Front 20

Fallow

Back 20

Land left unplowed/unseeded for a season to let the soil cultivate and restore its nutrients

Front 21

Famine

Back 21

A widespread scarcity of food.

Front 22

Fish farming

Back 22

Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.

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Fish ranching

Back 23

A form of aquaculture in which a population of a fish species (such as salmon) is held in captivity for the first stage of their lives, then released, and later harvested as adults when they return from the sea to their freshwater birthplace to spawn.

Front 24

Food aid

Back 24

.

Front 25

Fungicide

Back 25

a substance or preparation, as a spray or dust, used for destroying fungi.

Front 26

Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

Back 26

organisms created by genetic engineering, the altering of genes or genetic material to produce new organisms or organisms with desired characteristics, or to eliminate undesirable characteristics in a organism

Front 27

Green revolution

Back 27

name attached to post WW2 agricultural programs that have led to the development of new strains of crops with higher yield, better resistance to disease, or better ability to grow under poor conditions

Front 28

Herbicide

Back 28

a substance or preparation for killing plants, esp. weeds.

Front 29

Hydroponics

Back 29

Cultivation of plants without using soil and using liquid nutrients. It is commonly used when space is limited.

Front 30

Industrialized agriculture

Back 30

A form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. The methods of industrial agriculture are technoscientific, economic, and political.

Front 31

Insecticide

Back 31

A pesticide used to ward off insects

Front 32

Integrated pest management

Back 32

is an integrated approach of crop management to solve ecological problems when applied in agriculture.

These methods are performed in three stages: prevention, observation, and intervention. It is an ecological approach with a main goal of significantly reducing or eliminating the use of pesticides while at the same time managing pest populations at an acceptable level.

Front 33

Kwashiorkor

Back 33

An acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, irritability, anorexia, ulcerating dermatoses, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.

Front 34

Leaching soil fertility

Back 34

.

Front 35

Limiting factor

Back 35

factors that prevent a population from growing any larger

Front 36

Malnutrition

Back 36

the condition that occurs when your body does not get
enough nutrients.

Front 37

Marasmus

Back 37

progressive emaciation caused by lack of protein and calories

Front 38

Mariculture

Back 38

production of food from marine habitats

Front 39

Monoculture

Back 39

The planting of large areas with a single species or even a single strain or subspecies in farming.

Front 40

Narrow spectrum pesticide

Front 41

Natural pesticide

Front 42

No-till agriculture

Back 42

A system for planting crops without plowing, using herbicides to control weeds and resulting in reduced soil erosion and the preservation of soil nutrients.

Front 43

O horizon

Front 44

Organic farming

Back 44

farming that is more "natural" in the sense that it does not involve the use of artificial pesticides and, more recently, genetically modified crops

Front 45

Organic fertilizer

Back 45

a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter (no chemicals)

Front 46

Overgrazing

Back 46

Exceeding the carrying capacity of land for an herbivore, such as cattle or deer.

Front 47

Pasture

Back 47

land plowed and planted to provide forage for domestic herbivorous animals

Front 48

Pellagra

Back 48

a disease caused by a deficiency of niacin in the diet, characterized by skin changes, severe nerve dysfunction, mental symptoms, and diarrhea.

Front 49

Pest

Back 49

a substance or preparation for killing plants, esp. weeds.

Front 50

Pesticide treadmill

Front 51

Plantation agriculture

Back 51

A commercial tropical agriculture system which is essentially export-oriented. Often associated with plantation agriculture are widespread modifications or disturbance of the natural landscapes through such artificial practices as the permanent removal of natural vegetation, drainage improvement, soil improvement and application of chemicals, etc.

Front 52

Plowing

Back 52

A farm implement consisting of a heavy blade at the end of a beam, usually hitched to a draft team or motor vehicle and used for breaking up soil and cutting furrows in preparation for sowing.

Front 53

R horizon

Back 53

Consists of consolidated rock showing little sign of weathering or pedogenesis.

Front 54

Rangeland

Back 54

land used for grazing

Front 55

Rickets

Back 55

The softening of bones in children potentially leading to fractures and deformity due to a vitamin D deficiency and or a lack of calcium in ones diet

Front 56

Rodenticide

Back 56

Rodenticides are a category of pest control chemicals intended to kill rodents. Rodents are difficult to kill with poisons because their feeding habits reflect their place as scavengers. An effective rodenticide must be tasteless and odorless in lethal concentrations, and have a delayed effect.

Front 57

Scurvy

Back 57

A disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans.

Front 58

Sediment deposition

Back 58

.

Front 59

Shelterbelt

Back 59

A shelterbelt is a plantation usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion.

Front 60

Shifting cultivation

Back 60

is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned. This system often involves clearing of a piece of land followed by several years of wood harvesting or farming, until the soil loses fertility.

Front 61

Soil salinization

Back 61

Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil.

Front 62

Subsidizing

Back 62

pay part of the cost of producing (something) to reduce prices for the buyer

Front 63

Subsistence crop

Back 63

crops used directly for food by a farmer or sold locally where the food is used directly

Front 64

Terminator gene

Back 64

The name given to proposed methods for restricting the use of genetically modified plants by causing second generation seeds to be sterile.

Front 65

Traditional subsistence agriculture

Back 65

is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed their families. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to eat during the year. Planting decisions are made with an eye toward what the family will need during the coming year, rather than market prices

Front 66

Undernutrition

Back 66

receiving less than 90% of minimum daily intake over long periods.

Front 67

Water logging

Back 67

.This occurs when the watertable rises into the root zone. It results in anaerobic (absence of free oxygen) conditions, which reduces plants growth and may kill plants.