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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acute/epidemic disease
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A disease that appears occasionally in the population, affects a large percentage of it, and declines or almost disappears for a while only to reappear later.
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Age structure diagrams
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Baby boom
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Any period marked by a greatly increased birth rate. Those who are born in these period are called "baby boomers"
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Carrying capacity
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The maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment
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Chronic disease
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a condition that exists beyond the usual course of an acute disease or beyond a reasonable time for tissue damage to heal. Any condition that lasts longer than 6 months may be considered chronic
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City planning
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Crude birth rate
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The amount of births per 1000 people per year
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Crude death rate
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The amount of deaths per 1000 people per year
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Demographic transition
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The pattern of change in birth and death rates as a country is transformed from undeveloped to developed. The three stages are: 1in an undeveloped country, birth and death rates are high and the growth rate low; 2 the death rate decreases, but the birth rate remains high and the growth rate is high; 3 the birth rate drops toward the death rate and the growth rate therefore also decreases.
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Demography
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the scientific study of human populations, including their size, composition, distribution, density, and growth as well as the causes and socioeconomic consequences of changes in these factors.
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Emigration
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animals or a population exiting the area.
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Exponential growth curve
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a quantity that grows at a rate proportional to its size. Anything that grows by the same percentage every year (or every month, day, hour etc.) is growing exponentially
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Fall line
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The point on a river where there is an abrupt drop in elevation of the land and where numerous waterfalls occur. The line in the eastern United States is located where streams pass from harder to softer rocks.
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Family planning
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is the planning of when to have children, and the use of birth control
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Green belt
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a zone of farmland, parks, and open country surrounding a town or city: usually officially designated as such and preserved from urban development
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Growth rate
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Change in population over time.
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Heat island
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Usually, a large city that is warmer air of a city than surrounding areas as a result of increased heat production and decreased heat loss because building and paving materials act as solar collectors.
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Hurricane Katrina
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A 2005 Atlantic hurricane which was one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. most severe loss of life occurred in New Orleans, Louisiana, which flooded as the levee system catastrophically failed, in many cases hours after the storm had moved inland. Eventually 80% of the city and large tracts of neighboring parishes became flooded, and the floodwaters lingered for weeks.
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Immigration
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animals or a population entering the area. Traveling into the area to stay.
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Infant mortality rate
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It is the number of deaths during the first year of life per thousand live births in a country or region.
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IPAT
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The total impact of the human population on the environment is the average impact of an individual multiplied by the total number of individuals
Impact= PAT (Population x affluence x technology |
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J-curve
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Life expectancy
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It is the average number of years that somebody can be expected to live, according to statistics.
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Logistic growth curve
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A logistic growth curve is an S-shaped (sigmoidal) curve that can be used to model functions that increase gradually at first, more rapidly in the middle growth period, and slowly at the end, leveling off at a maximum value after some period of time.
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Made lands
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Adding soil to what would have been a wetland, creating man-made areas to be waste dumps or to make land available for construction.
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Maximum lifetime
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The genetically determined maximum possible age to which an individual of a species can live.
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Microclimate
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The climate of a very small, local area. For example, under a tree or near the surface of city streets.
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Mortality
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The number of deaths per year in a given population.
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Population
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The total number of organisms living in an area.
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Replacement-level fertility
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A condition of demographic balance where the number of people in a population neither grows nor declines over a given amount of time.
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Rule of 70
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S-curve
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A S curve is defined by the logistic growth equation. Some specific parts of this are a small population with rapid growth. It eventually slows down and eventually reaches a constant size.
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Site
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The summation of all environmental features of that location
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Situation
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The placement of a city in respect to other areas
(New Orleans-good situation, bad site) |
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Survivorship curve (Type I)
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Total fertility rate
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Urban sprawl
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when an urban center spreads out from the center of the city and goes into the surrounding areas (suburbs) and to other more rural areas that are dependent on automobiles for transportation. This land has much less of a population density than in the more urban centers.
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Urbanization
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It is the movement a people from a rural area to a more urban area. This results in a larger portion of the population residing in a urban area rather than rural.
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Zero population growth (ZPG)
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a demographic equilibrium of the given amount of people in a specific population neither increases nor decreases. It occurs when the number of births and immigrants per year equals the number of deaths and emigrants per year. Many believe that ZPG is an ideal population growth (or lack thereof) to have a environmentally sustainable population.
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Survivorship curve (Type II)
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Survivorship curve (Type III)
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Developed country
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Developing country
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