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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main cell lines that blood is composed of ?
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1. Red cells - Erythrocytes
2. White cells - Leucocytes 3. Platelets - Thrombocytes |
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What is the difference between plasma and serum ?
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Plasma- It is mostly comprised of water and contains proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions, hormones and carbon dioxide.
Serum- It is blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors. |
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What are the functions of the cellular components of blood ?
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1. Erythrocytes- Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Leucocytes- Important for immune function 3. Platelets- Haemostatic when blood vessels are injured |
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Define: Haemopoiesis.
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The process by which blood cells are formed and consequently developed.
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What is the function of the bone marrow ?
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A factory for haemopoiesis.
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What are the sites of haemopoiesis during fetal life ?
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1. 0-6 weeks: Yolk sac
2. 6 weeks - 6-7 months gestation: Liver and spleen are main sites 3. 6-7 months - birth: Bone marrow |
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What are the sites of haemopoiesis during early life (after birth) ?
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The red marrow present in all bones.
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What are the sites of haemopoiesis in adult life ?
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1. In the red marrow restricted to bones in the axial skeleton becuase red marrow in long bones are replaced by fat (yellow marrow)
2. Liver and spleen can take over if marrow is stressed |
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Define: Extramedullary haemopoiesis.
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Production of blood cells outside of the marrow.
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True or false: Stem cells both renew the stem cell population and differentiate into specific cells.
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True.
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Name and describe the different levels of stem cells.
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1. Totipotency- Ability of a single cell to divide and produce different types of cells
2. Pluripotency- Potential to differentiate into any of the 3 germ layers that create all tissues and organs 3. Multipotency- Ability to give rise to cells from a limited number of lineages |
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What are the two lineages of haemopoietic stem cells ?
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1. Lymphoid
2. Myeloid |
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Which cells form part of the lymphoid lineage of haemopoietic stem cells ?
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1. B lymphocytes
2. T lymphocytes 3. NK cells |
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Which cells form part of the myeloid lineage of haemopoietic stem cells ?
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1. Granulocytes
2. Megakaryocytes 3. Erythrocytes |
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True or false: Differentiated haemopoietic cells have adhesion and chemokine receptors that attach to facilitating cells to allow proliferation and survival.
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False. This is true for haemopoietic stem cells.
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Describe the sinusoidal network.
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Nutrient artery --> central artery --> radial branches --> capillaries merge with periostial capillaries
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What are the main haematological diseases ?
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1. Malignancies
2. Anaemias 3. Haemostatic defects 4. Transfusion medicine |
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What are the contents and uses for the following haematology tubes:
1. Purple 2. Blue 3. Pink |
1. It contains EDTA, an anticoagulant that binds calcium and consequently stops clotting. Used for FBCs.
2. It contains citrate which serves as a reversible anticoagulant. Used to test plasma. 3. Special blood grouping tubes. |
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True or false: FBC is an indication of bone marrow function.
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True. It gives WBC count, platelet count and red cell parameters.
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What information does a differential count (blood test) give you ?
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A count and percentage of different leucocytes.
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What information does a reiculocyte count give you ?
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An indication of red cell production.
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What does the red cell indices MCV and MCH stand for ?
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MCV- Mean cell colume or the average size of cells
MCH- Mean cell haemoglobin or average amount of haemoglobin |
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What does the following mean:
-cytopenia -philia -cytosis |
-cytopenia: Decrease
-philia: Increase -cytosis: Increase |
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What is the origin of blood platelets ?
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They bud of from megakaryocytes.
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True or false: Blood platelets aggregate to blood vessels.
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False. They aggregate to each other and adhere to blood vessels.
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What are the three main mechanisms of haemostasis.
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1. Vascular spams
2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulation |
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Where are coagulation factors created ?
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The liver.
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What does thrombin do during coagulation ?
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It converts fibrinogen to fibrin which is necessary to stabilise the platelet plug.
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