Theatre Test 1

Front 1

What are the comedy and tragedy masks known as?

Back 1

Thalia and Melpomene

Front 2

Which theatre historically used masks?

Back 2

Greek

Front 3

This is considered both art and entertainment?

Back 3

Theatre

Front 4

The expression and application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primal for their beauty or emotional power is known as?

Back 4

Art

Front 5

According to George Braque, painter this is mean to disturb and this is meant to reassure?

Back 5

1. Art

2. Science

Front 6

The fine arts traditionally include:

Back 6

1. Dance

2. Drama

3. Music

4. Architecture

5. Painting

6. Poetry

7. Sculpture

Front 7

This is considered artificial (a product of human hands), to exist for it's own sake (stands alone), is self aware (knows what it is doing), and produces a response (beyond intellectual)?

Back 7

Art

Front 8

This is limited in time and space and is immediate and ephemeral. Must be performed for a live audience?

Back 8

Performing Art

Front 9

This has a story with conflict and must be told through dialogue and movement?

Back 9

Theatre

Front 10

How is theatre unique among the fine arts?

Back 10

1. No one-on-one communication (unlike a painting)

2. Unique to specific time and place (immediate and ephemeral)

3. Has the critical element of narrative

Front 11

A Performance (an activity in which some people do something and other people watch) must include:

Back 11

1 Doers

2. Watchers

3. Something being done

4. Performance sites

5. Movement through time

Front 12

This comes from the Greek "theatron" meaning "place of seeing"?

Back 12

Theatre

Front 13

Aristotle wrote what book that contained the definitive definition of theatre?

Back 13

The Poetics

Front 14

According to whom and what is theatre an imitation of an action that tells a story through dialogue and movement in front of a live audience for the pleasure and instruction we receive?

Back 14

The Aristotelian Definition of Theatre from The Poetics

Front 15

Audiences should have these characteristics when watching live theatre?

Back 15

1. Willing suspension of belief

2. Empathy (put yourself in the person's position)

3. Catharsis-ritutal release of emotion (venting)

Front 16

What was the main purpose of theatre according to the Greeks?

Back 16

Catharsis

Front 17

This is a reflection of the time, place, and culture in which it was created?

Back 17

All art

Front 18

According to Plato: This is bad and this is good? Why?

Back 18

1. Emotions

2. Reason

3. Theatre excuses emotion, therefore theatre is bad.

Front 19

When was Poetics written?

Back 19

335 BC

Front 20

What are the six element of theatre according to Aristotle?

Back 20

1. Plot

2. Character

3. Language

4. Idea or Theme

5. Music

6. Spectacle

Front 21

This is the story or ordering of events in a play, it must be logical and follow a dramatic arc (can be casual or episodic)?

Back 21

Plot

Front 22

What is the dramatic arc of a plot?

Back 22

1. Exposition

2. Point of Attack

3. Complication or inciting incident

4. Rising Action

5. Crisis

6. Denoument

Front 23

A casual or linear plot usually follows this?

Back 23

Freytag's Triangle

Front 24

This is where the backstory is presented?

Back 24

Exposition

Front 25

This is when the story begins?

Back 25

Point of Attack

Front 26

This is something that happens which changes the status quo in the story?

Back 26

Complication or Inciting Incident

Front 27

This is the journey of the protagonist and attempts to return to the status quo?

Back 27

Rising Action

Front 28

This is the moment when all hangs in the balance, aka climax?

Back 28

Crisis

Front 29

This is the wrap-up/summation of events, aka ending?

Back 29

Denoument

Front 30

This must be logical, must "serve the story", and must behave in keeping with what the playwright has established?

Back 30

Character

Front 31

What are the main types of characters?

Back 31

1. Protagonist

2. Antagonist

3. Confidant

4. Author's voice

5. Foil

Front 32

This is the main character who answers the question "whose story is this?". Doesn't have to be the toughest or biggest personality, just has to be the person that doesn't give up in attaining a "super objective"?

Back 32

Protagonist

Front 33

This is what all conflict in a story revolves around. The one, overriding goal?

Back 33

Super objective

Front 34

This is the person (or people or group) opposing the protagonist. The character who has a stake in making sure the super objective is not met?

Back 34

Antagonist

Front 35

This is the character who exists to allow another character to express his or her thoughts, feelings, and goals. This character allows us to hear the "inner voice" of another character?

Back 35

Confidant

Front 36

This character allows the author a voice. Is used by playwrights to make sure audience hears their own opinions and thoughts about the play?

Back 36

Author's voice (Raisonneur)

Front 37

This is the opposition to another character. Typically will be the opposite of another character to provide context?

Back 37

Foil

Front 38

This causes people to think and ma teach us a lesson or make us think about a certain topic or issue. Not a moral, necessarily. It is usually the answer to the question "what is the play about?

Back 38

Idea or Theme

Front 39

The Greek's believe this must be elevated and must be sufficiently beautiful and poetic. Must reflect the significance of the event It also refers to word choice and imagery?

Back 39

Language

Front 40

This is a part of nonmusical theatre and refers to the rate of speech that creates rhythm, the pitch, the prose, ad accentuating certain words?

Back 40

Music

Front 41

Broadway is considered this?

Back 41

Spectacle

Front 42

This exposes our own limitations?

Back 42

Tragedy

Front 43

This according to Aristotle (n Poetics) originated with Komos and occurs in a intimate/everyday setting. A happy ending is all that is required. Can also be a story of the rise in fortune of a sympathetic character?

Back 43

Comedy

Front 44

This is someone you like succeeding?

Back 44

Comedy

Front 45

This is someone you respect failing?

Back 45

Tragedy

Front 46

The plucky underdog with natural nobility would be considered this?

Back 46

A comedic hero

Front 47

Why do we laugh?

Back 47

1. Superiority

2. Incongruity

3. Psychic release

Front 48

This according to Thomas Hobbes is the sudden exaltation at a triumph of our own or an indignity suffered by someone else, we laugh when we feel this. Known as schadenfreude.

Back 48

Superiority Theory

Front 49

This is when we laugh at things that are misplaced, one is unlike the other. Known as schopenhaure.

Back 49

Incongruity Theory

Front 50

This states we laugh with relief when disaster is averted?

Back 50

Psychic Release Theory

Front 51

This is shows such as the 3 stooges, poop jokes, and laughing at funny looking people?

Back 51

Low comedy

Front 52

This involves mistaken identity, coincidences, and plot devices? Identified by zaniness, slapstick and improbability. Plots are often full of vivid coincidences and twist or complications. Involves deception, disguise, and mistaken identity.

Back 52

Farce

Front 53

This usually involves put downs, puns, and passing judgement on those we deem ridiculous?

Back 53

Comedy of Manners

Front 54

This involves making fun of serious issues. Satire, like the Daily Show?

Back 54

Comedy of Ideas

Front 55

What are the types of comedy stories?

Back 55

1 Farce

2. Romantic Comedy

3. Satires

Front 56

This is the most popular genre and involves a love plot. 2 people get tougher after complications and a happy ending is mandatory?

Back 56

Romantic Comedy

Front 57

This involves human vice and folly. The central character is likely to be cynical, foolish, and morally corrupt. When it become mortifying or macabre it becomes a black comedy.

Back 57

Satirical Comedy

Front 58

This predicts the downfall of a basically good person through some fatal error or misjudgment, producing suffering and insight on the part of the protagonist and arousing pity and fear on the part of the audience?

Back 58

Aristotelian Tragedy

Front 59

What are the 3 requirements of an Aristotelian Tragedy?

Back 59

1. True tragedy must evoke pity and fear on the part of the audience

2. Must be essentially admirable and good

3. Hero's demise must come as a result of some personal error or decision.

Front 60

This is the moment in a tragedy when the protagonist realizes the web of fate is his own fault. i.e. tragic recognition or insight?

Back 60

Anagnorisis

Front 61

This is the fatal error or simple mistake that eventually leads to the final catastrophe. i.e. tragic error?

Back 61

Hamartia

Front 62

This is the sin par excellence. The sort of insolent daring, a haughty overstepping of cultural codes or ethical boundaries. i.e. violent transgression?

Back 62

Hubris

Front 63

This is the inevitable punishment or cosmic payback for acts of hubris. i.e. retribution?

Back 63

Nemesis

Front 64

This is the pivotal or crucial action on the part of the protagonist that changes situation from seemingly secure to vulnerable. i.e. plot reversal?

Back 64

Peripateia

Front 65

A character must include this?

Back 65

1. Be logical

2. Must serve the story

3. Must behave in keeping what playwright has established.

Front 66

What are the performed elements of theatre?

Back 66

1. Spectacle

2. Music

3. Language

4. Idea

5. Character

6. Plot

Front 67

What are the 4 types of stages?

Back 67

1. Proscenium Arch

2. Thrust

3. Traverse

4. In the Round (Arena)

Front 68

This type of stage has a wall in front that frames the stage?

Back 68

Proscenium

Front 69

What are some examples of theatre etiquette?

Back 69

1. No flash photography

2. No late entrance

3. No cell phones

4. More dressed up/treated as an event

Front 70

These are considered the academics of theatre?

Back 70

1. Theorists

2. Critics

3. Reviewers

4. Dramaturgs

Front 71

These people decide what is theatre and how it works. Influence society and answer the big questions?

Back 71

Theorists

Front 72

These people look specifically at plays or groups of plays and ask what does this mean and what it is it important. They look at the literature and print aspect of plays?

Back 72

Critics

Front 73

These people see plays in performance and ask is this any good, why and why not. Responding to live theatre?

Back 73

Reviewers

Front 74

These people work with producing theaters to do heavy thinking about a play. Figure out how to help make it accurate and good. Researchers.

Back 74

Dramatrugs

Front 75

This is the person with overall responsibility for the selection and interpretation of works performed by a theater, ballet, or opera company. This is the visionary who is responsible for what happens on stage?

Back 75

Artistic Director

Front 76

This is the person responsible for the business and management end of a commercial theatre.

Back 76

Executive Director

Front 77

This person oversees each production including budgets schedules, etc.?

Back 77

Production Manager

Front 78

This is the person responsible for being the unified vision of the production?

Back 78

Director

Front 79

This person is responsible for the staff issues of a production?

Back 79

Company Manager

Front 80

This person oversees the business end of the theater?

Back 80

Business Manager

Front 81

This person identifies the target audience and strategizes ways to get patrons in theater?

Back 81

Marketing Director

Front 82

These people get the message out for free?

Back 82

PR

Front 83

These people pay to get the message out?

Back 83

Advertising

Front 84

These are the money makers in theatre (commercial businesses):

Back 84

1. Broadway

2. Broadway tours

3. Off Broadway

4. Off Off Broadway

5. Regional Theatres

6. Dinner Theatres

Front 85

This must be in NYC, makes the only shows eligible for Tony awards, has the biggest budgets, has shows that can run for tears, productions cost millions of dollars to produce, ticket prices are hundreds of dollars, some can run for not-for profit, and they have actors and crew that are unionized?

Back 85

Broadway Plays

Front 86

These are roadshows of Broadway hits that play in smaller cities. They have professional (usually unionized) cast and crews. The shows can run for years and ticket prices can run into hundreds of dollars. Also cost millions to produce?

Back 86

Broadway Tours

Front 87

The name for this comes from the theaters being slightly away from the main theatre district. They can have no more than 499 seats in each theatre. Their goals are to showcase new plays and actors. Can be a tryout space for plays intended for Broadway. Most are "not for profit". Usually cost about half the production cost of Broadway plays?

Back 87

Off Broadway

Front 88

These are the equivalent of independent films. Has become what off broadway started out as. Developed in the 1950's as a venue for exploring new ideas. Sometimes called 99 seat hours. Can be in bars, shops, all kinds of locations. Most adventurous of all professional theatre types?

Back 88

Off Off Broadway

Front 89

These types of theaters can be open to new ideas without worrying about bottom line as much as Broadway. Tend to have a focus on new works, old classics, political works, etc. Provides high quality theatre outside of NYC. Is a training ground for young actors, theatre artists?

Back 89

Regional (Not for Profit) Theatre

Front 90

These re-hash hit shows for smaller cities. Were big in the 1970's, include an all in 1 package, food and a show?

Back 90

Dinner Theatre

Front 91

These are the amateur (not for profit) theatres:

Back 91

1. Educational Theatre

2. Community Theatre

3 Children's Theatre (Theatre for Youth)

Front 92

There are more than 200 of these in the country today and is the larges employer of theatre artists in the US with the most varied offerings

Back 92

Educational Theatre

Front 93

These are not for profit and vary more than any other type. Most employees are volunteer. Best recruiting tools for theatre in existence, tickets are usually reasonable and most depend on grant money and subscriptions to survive?

Back 93

Community Theatre

Front 94

These can be professional or amateur. Can have both adults and children perform. Their mission is to create an audience for the future?

Back 94

Children's Theatre (Theatre for Youth)

Front 95

The raised stage is known as the?

Back 95

Logeion

Front 96

The opening doors of the stage were known as?

Back 96

Thyromata

Front 97

Temple of Dionyousus was originally built when?

Back 97

c. 327 bc

Front 98

The Odeion theater was originally built when?

Back 98

440 BC and held 3-4,000 spectators

Front 99

The Theater of Pompey held how many seats?

Back 99

25,000

Front 100

This is the Greek terms for panels that began to be used in the Rennaisance period to change scenery?

Back 100

Pinakes

Front 101

These are prisms developed for changing scenery developed by Jacoba Penioka?

Back 101

Periaktoi

Front 102

When did the first public theatre open in Paris?

Back 102

1548

Front 103

The first recorded use of this word was in 1687?

Back 103

Playwright

Front 104

These people create a mental image that is translated by actors and directors. They don't just do plays they craft them. Must use limitations given to them to make a play work?

Back 104

Playwright

Front 105

These are the limitations of a playwright

Back 105

1. Compression of Time

2. Dialogue Only

3. Reveal Character (figure out who people are by what they say)

4. Advance Plot

5. Express Ideas

6. Be actable (meaning the words must be able to be expressed)

Front 106

According to David Hare playwriting must always contain this?

Back 106

1.Dialogue is stylized

2. Often stars w/a strong visual image

3. Bringing cinematic techniques to the theatre

4. Asks, who is this person writing this play?

5. Hs to be a burning desire to do this.

Front 107

Challenges to making a living as a playwright:

Back 107

1. Scan Pay, No Health Insurance, Lack of Steady Work

2. Writers block

3. Money only comes from royalties and percentages of ticket sales

4. Often has to work day job

Front 108

What does the director do?

Back 108

1. Selects Script

2. Interpretation and Analysis

3. Leads design team to unified vision

4. Selects cast, usually through auditions

5. Table work, discussion, designs presented

6. Blocking, movement patterns

7. Polishing: rhythm, pace, etc.

8. Tech and dress, costumes and scenery added

9. Show opens, director goes away

10. Stage manager is responsible now.

Front 109

90% of the time during a play is spent doing this?

Back 109

Preparing to be on stage

Front 110

A good director has these qualities:

Back 110

1. Organized

2. Good at making decisions

3. Good with people and conflict resolution

4. Artistic

5. In it for the long haul

6. Good under pressure

Front 111

Before the creation of the modern idea of a director this person had control of the show?

Back 111

The principle actor (biggest star) or the company as a whole

Front 112

This was the first modern director. Known as the "Rigisseur" or master. Demanded total control over every aspect of production?

Back 112

George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914)

Front 113

What are some of the concepts invented by George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen?

Back 113

1. Eliminates star role and create ensemble company concept.

2. Demands accurate scenery and costumes

3. Develops blocking (moving people around on stage)

4. Tours extensively

Front 114

In theatre to be convincing one must do this:

Back 114

Lie

Front 115

This is learning to use your body and voice. Developed by theoreticians.

Back 115

Technique

Front 116

This is going off instinct and emotion to guide you through the process of creating characters?

Back 116

Natural Acting

Front 117

The best actors embody this?

Back 117

Natural acting and technique acting abilities

Front 118

The two approaches to acting (technique and natural acting) were developed by:

Back 118

Stanislavski and Coquelin

Front 119

This theorist developed physical theory, intimate physical mannerisms of character and inner truth of character naturally arises according to him?

Back 119

Coquelin (1841-1909)

Front 120

This theorist developed the emotional memory theory that states recreation of emotion of character and physical reality of character arises naturally. You must hone memories of personal experiences to draw upon emotion?

Back 120

Stanislavski (18634-1938)

Front 121

An actor is known to have two natural tools:

Back 121

1. Voice

2. Body

Front 122

This involves projection, inflection, color and tone?

Back 122

Voice

Front 123

This involved gesture, movement, posture, breathing, flexibility, core and centering?

Back 123

Body

Front 124

This involves character development and "feeling the world", visualization, sense memory and improvisation?

Back 124

Imagination

Front 125

The kinds of actors:

Back 125

1. Personality

2. Type

3. Versatile

Front 126

This type of actor plays him or herself. Includes old comics like Jack Benny or Bob Hope?

Back 126

Personality

Front 127

This type of actor plays the same character over and over. We don't believe them when they act out of this?

Back 127

Type

Front 128

This actors encompasses difference roles so well that we don't recognize them from role to role?

Back 128

Versatile

Front 129

A live or legitimate actor has this:

Back 129

1. Audience feedback available immediately

2. Continual build to climatic moment

3. No redoes, Whatever happens you work with it

Front 130

A media actor has this:

Back 130

1. No real audience response

2. Choppy disjointed build to climax

3. Editing out mistakes and retakes.

Front 131

Theatre is to a thin (an object) but a process of system of constantly altering relationships among these:

Back 131

1. Actors

2. Action

3. Audience

4. Time

5. Space

Front 132

This is a work of apparent seriousness with issues cast in terms of extremes (good and evil), the actual issues being less profound than the language suggests. The ending often show good rewarded and evil punished?

Back 132

Melodrama

Front 133

The given circumstances of a performance encompass:

Back 133

1. Age

2. Sex

3. Social Class

4. Physical Health of Characters

5. Time and Place of Action

6. Mood established on stage

Front 134

This can be thought of as a contract b/w the theatre artists and the audiences, an agreement to do thing a certain way for the good of all?

Back 134

Convention

Front 135

This is considered examination of a play or group of plays, usually by applying theory?

Back 135

Criticism

Front 136

A good actor encompasses these qualities:

Back 136

1. Prompt

2. Prepared

3. Constructive, not destructive

4. Respectful

5. Aware

Front 137

This is known as the taking-off place from which to make a creative leap?

Back 137

Springboard

Front 138

This is a map of the paying area for a scene, with doors, furniture, walls, and other details indicated to scale?

Back 138

Ground Plan

Front 139

These devices help achieve focus:

Back 139

1. Framing

2. Isolating

3. Elevating

4. Enlarging

5. Illuminating

6. Pointing

Front 140

This is the result of repetition at regular intervals. In theatre these are the the things that regularly mark the passage of time: scenes, movements, speeches, and words?

Back 140

Rhythm

Front 141

These are scenes broken down between the entrance and the exit of a major character?

Back 141

French Scenes

Front 142

This is a rehearsal of an entire act or an entire play, that gives the director insight into the large movements and professions of the play?

Back 142

Run-through

Front 143

Elements of Design Include:

Back 143

1. Color

2. Line

3. Mass

4. Composition

5. Texture

6. Light

Front 144

This is what is seen in addition to the actors and helps create the illusion?

Back 144

Visual Elements

Front 145

This must aid in placing the action and contribute to character in terms of environment. Keeping in mind that a spectacle detracts from character and plot?

Back 145

Scenery

Front 146

This can be literal or abstract?

Back 146

Design

Front 147

A designer's ideas are presented to this person who has final say?

Back 147

Director

Front 148

All Design Must Do this?

Back 148

Serve the needs of the show

Front 149

Functions of scenery include:

Back 149

1. Provide an environment for the action

2. Reinforce mood: line, color, etc.

3. Time and place, if required

4. Necessary doors, windows, etc.

Front 150

These have basically the same function as scenery (time and place, mood, etc.)?

Back 150

Costumes

Front 151

This is very important in terms of how we define ourselves?

Back 151

Clothing

Front 152

This is reinforced b/c we're drawn to human element and they are in motion?

Back 152

Visual Impact through costumes

Front 153

These help establish character relationships and help actors get into character?

Back 153

Costumes

Front 154

This changed the look of modern theatre most?

Back 154

Electricity (Lighting)

Front 155

This was the first big innovation in theatre lighting?

Back 155

Argand Lamp

Front 156

Gas light was introduced in by mid-century in France. What was used with it to control intensity and color?

Back 156

Rondels

Front 157

By the 1840's these were in use but had no intensity control?

Back 157

Lime and Arc Lights

Front 158

These are the other types of theatre design:

Back 158

1. Sound

2. Projection

3. Props

4. FX

5. Pyrotech

6. Makeup