Theater History/test 2 Ch. 8 Italian Renaissance

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Renaissance

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(rebirth) the decline of feudalism, growth of cities, the increased power of princes, and challenges to the church’s dominance over learning and life.

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Humanism

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a return to concern for the worth of humans and earthly life. Judged all behaviors by the standards of the human idea. We can better ourselves, strive for perfection

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Lodovico Ariosto

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Roman vernacular dramatist, wrote The Casket. Popular Roman story Guy loves girl, finds out girl has a rich dad, good fortune!

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neoclassical ideal

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a reflection of the sensibility of the ruling elite. They want to create the “perfect” theater, sculpture, literature.

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3 Elements of the Neoclassical Ideal

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Reality, if you put in on the stage it should be able to happen in real life, no ghosts or witches. No soliloquies, people don’t talk to themselves. No asides, people don’t address the audience in real life. Good use of the “confidant”

Morality; should teach and please. Everything should fall in god’s order. Good wins over evil

Universality; everything onstage should have significant relevance and unite humanity

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R M U

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Morality

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should teach and please. Everything should fall in god’s order. Good wins over evil

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Universality

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everything onstage should have significant relevance and unite humanity.

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Horace

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neoclassicism follows Horace’s Art of Poetry because the must be divided into five acts, and that their main function was “to teach and to please”

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Aristotle

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neoclassicism followed Aristotle’s Poetics because it is reduced to two basic forms, Comedy and Tragedy

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Antonio Minturno

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Playwright who exemplified the Neoclassic Ideal

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Julius Caesar Scaliger,

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Playwright who exemplified the Neoclassic Ideal

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Lodvico Castelvetro

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Playwright who exemplified the Neoclassic Ideal

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Verisimilitude

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the appearance of truth.

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three unities

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in neoclassicism the unity of time, place and action TIME, the audience is aware it has been only watching a play for a few hours multiple days stretch reality too much. PLACE, the audience has not moved therefore there can only be one locale. ACTION, must make sense

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intermezzi

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six pieces placed before and after a regular drama and between each act. Their principal appeal was in their scenery, costumes, lights, special effects, music, and dance. Highly dependant on spectacle.

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Opera

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entertainment of nobility, incorporated all the spectacle associated with intermezzi

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Camerata of Florence

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Developed Opera while trying to recreate Greek Tragedies for the late sixteenth century

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Dafne

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(1594) The first full length Opera

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Vitruvius

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writer of De Architectura (15 BCE) Rome’s primary source of information on Greek and Roman theater buildings and staging practices.

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Serlio’s Architettura

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The first Renaissance work on architecture to devote a section to theater, included illustrations of tragic, comic, and satiric scenes.

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Sabbattini

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Nicola Sabbattini wrote Manual for constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machines (1638) included how to change the set, handle a backdrop, flats and many other theatrical devices

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Torelli’s Chariot-and-pole system

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Giacomo Torelli’s developed a system to move flats onstage with an elaborate pulley system under the stage that moved flats vertically on and off stage.

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Theatro Olimpico

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built in the 1580’s, created a classical theater in an existing building. Designed for the performance of tragedy, opened with Oedipus Rex. One of two Sixteenth century theaters still standing.

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Theatro Farnese at Parma

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(1618)the proto type for the modern stage. The oldest surviving structure with a permanent proscenium arch

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box, pit, and gallery

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seating tiers

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Inamorato

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Stock Commedia Character, the young man or amoroso

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Inamorata

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Stock Commedia Character, the young woman

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Capitano, Pantalone, Dottore

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Stock Masked Commedia Characters. The MASTERS: Capitano, a braggart who boast about his love conquests. Pantelone, a middle aged merchant frequently poses as a young man to try to court a young woman.

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Zanni

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The most varied Commedia Characters. The servants. Usually in pairs, one clever one stupid. They kept the plot moving.

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Harlequin

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The most popular Zanni who was a combination of both stupid and cunning, an established acrobat and dancer. Carried a “slapstick” that was used in many of the fights and Lazzi’s

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Capitano

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commedia character a braggart who boast about his love conquests. Pantelone

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Dottore

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commedia character usually Pantelone’s friend who is a jealous husband often Cuckolded

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Lazzi

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Comic bit in Commedia. Lazzo is plural

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Pantelone

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commedia charactera middle aged merchant frequently poses as a young man to try to court a young woman.