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34 Cards in this Set
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18th Century European theater |
Age of sentimentalism - audience over sympathetic and characters are unnaturally good |
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18th Century English Theater/Playwrights |
- Ballad Opera - Pantomime: combined elements of commedia and satire - Charles Macklin: Irish actor who introduced natural acting - David Garrick: known for Richard III role and natural approach to acting |
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18th Century French Playwrights - Marivaux - Voltaire - Diderot - Clarion |
Marivaux- psychological characters, plot was about the characters' own emotions Voltaire- got rid of unities and spectators on stage Diderot- "Paradox of acting," 4th wall, strategize emotions Clarion- famous actress for Commedie Francaise, known for using natural makeup and less fancy costumes |
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18th Century Italian Theater - Bibbienas - Carlos Goldoni - Carlos Gozzi |
Bibbiena family- scenic artists, did set design Carlos Goldoni- wanted to remove vulgarity from theater, make family theater for working class Carlos Gozzi- thought theater should "amaze," he also refined commedia as some parts of his plays were unscripted |
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Servant of Two Masters |
- shift from commedia: Pantalone wants best for his daughter Clarice - similar to commedia: servant-master dialogue, lovers, Truffilino (Arlechino), mistaken identity, Beatrice dresses as a man (Isabella) - word play very important |
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Japanese Theater - Kabuki |
- mid 1600s-mid 1800s - theater of the common people - ka: song - bu: dance - ki: skill |
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Acting styles of Kabuki theater |
- wagoto: soft, romantic hero - arrogato: warlike, bombastic character, sometimes a hero, wears red&white makeup - annogata: female character of any class, always played by male. Japanese thought it was too natural for a woman to play a woman. - Acting passed down in the family from father to son, ex) long arrogato line- Ichikawa Panjuro |
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Kabuki plays |
- covered sensational events of the time - could not be about living people, so playwrights often changed names and time periods to censor, like Chikamatsu did in Chushingura - 5 acts, all day affair - domestic plays - plays of the commoners |
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Kabuki theaters/companies |
- kyoto and edo - took place during Shogunate reign - proscenium style with a hanamichi - bridge that extends through audience |
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Kabuki vocabulary Kata Mie Roppo Kakagoe Ki Kumadori |
kata: purposeful movement/combat mie: powerful pose to heighten moment roppo: stylized exit kakagoe: clapping, interactive call from audience ki: wooden clappers kumadori: makeup style |
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Chushingura |
- play about honor, loyalty, revenge, and familial duty - focuses on seppuku (ritual suicide to regain lost honor) |
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Romanticism in 19th Century Europe |
- the sublime: the heightened quality of the world - industrial revolution is changing the structure of time - individualism - celebrity craze begins |
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Key figures during romanticism: - Johanne Wolfgang von Goethe - Lord Byron - Samuel Coleridge - Victor Hugo |
Goethe: scientist, philosopher, commits suicide because of unrequited love Lord Byron: writer, sex animal Coleridge: writer and philosopher, striving for reality is more important than achieving it Hugo: poet, novelist in France |
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New entertainments during romantic period |
- vampire plays - equestrian shows- horses on moving belts on stage - sea battles- flood stage with water - circus - infant prodigies- ex) Master William Betty |
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Sarah Siddons, John Kemble, Edmund Keans |
Sarah Siddons- brilliant female actress during the Romantic era - would perform a scene over and over again because people would clap so long and hard - known as the Queen of Drury Lane John Kemble- is her brother, and he played Shakespearean hero roles - Acted during old price riots Edmund Keans- Gerrick of his time |
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Female mangers during Romantic period |
Madame Vestris: box sets, stopped half price admission, paid actors in advance Marie Witton: domestic plays (cup&saucer), abolished pit and carpet stalls, single bill evening and matinees |
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Camille |
- originally written as a novel - a French melodrama - over 100 actresses played Camille b/c she is a free courtesan who does what she wants - if you could play Camille well, you could be a successful actress |
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Chinese theater history - Bianwen - Zaju - Yuan Drama - Kunqu Drama |
- began with ritual/court performance Bianwen: playlets of verse/prose Zaju: shows with dramatic sketches, very popular in urban settings Yuan Drama: prose plays, focused on one character/story Kunqu Drama: Ming Dynasty, stylized verse/son theater |
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Beijing Opera |
- traditional Chinese theater, that begins during Qing dynasty - highly stylized, has 4 aims: song, speech, dance acting, and combat |
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Beijing Opera role types Sheng Tan Jing Chou |
Sheng: high status male, could be a warrior/lover/military figure Tan: noble wife/maiden, or coquette Jing: men with supernatural power/strength, often wore elaborate headdresses and had painted face Chou: clown, comic female or male, talks to audience |
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Types of Beijing Opera plays |
- wen: civil, domestic - wu: military - no dramatic tension, there to showcase talent - music is important - everything must be beautiful |
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Mei Lanfang |
- Tan character - brought psychological realism to character - wanted to tour Beijing Opera, toured US and Russia |
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American Theater 1800s Louisa Lane Drew Booth Family Charlotte Chushman Ira Aldridge Edwin Forrest |
Louisa: female theater manager, began lineage of Barrymores Booth: Charlotte: played breeches roles, toured England, was a lesbian and people knew Ira: started at the African Grove Theater at 15, leading Shakespeare actor Edwin: patriotic American star, played lead role in Metamora, had rivalry with William Macready |
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African Grove Riots |
- The African Grove Theater was founded by retired seaman William? Brown in NYC - It survived for 3 seasons with classical theater and Shakespeare - A major riot occurred that reflected racial tensions of the city, causing Brown to move the company to another area of New York |
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Astor Place Riots |
- Occurred on 5/10/1849 - Initiated by rivalry between Edwin Forrest and William Macready - Due not only to race, but class warefare, and nativism: "Murica" vs proper upperclass Englishman |
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Blackface Minstrelsy |
Originated from Dan Emmett and the Virginia Minstrels - a music group that wrote/sang songs at first and then started blackface |
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Minstrel show |
3 "acts" - songs, olio (comic dialogue, mostly improv), and skits (stump speeches, wench performance) |
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Types of characters (in minstrel shows) |
Jim Crow - Sambo Wench morphs into Yellow Gal - tragic mulatto Uncle Tom/Topsy |
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Modes of Performance in blackface |
- performing blackness is a way to fulfill desire of wanting to be someone else - performing class and culture |
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Melodrama & Popular Entertainment Essential characteristics of melodrama |
- good guy vs bad guy - damsel in distress - underdog - everything is possible |
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Types of melodrama |
- fairytale: moral justification for paternal authority for the elite white men - Yeoman heroic: hard work/labor, hero/self-made man - apocalyptic: celebrated hero but almost destruction - moral reform: respectability, hero>morals |
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Other popular entertainments during time of melodrama - the circus |
- Philip Astley came up with the "one ring" and equestrian shows for the circus - PT Barnum came up with the "three ring" and touring/tents, was a major promoter, any class could go, brought in wild animals = racialization |
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Music Hall |
- England - had variety of theater - songs/skits - for the working class |
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Vaudeville |
- America - variety performance, fast paced, high-low, no continuous plot - was glamour for the low class |
