The X Ray Circuit

Front 1

electricity in motion is

Back 1

electrodynamics

Front 2

the study of stationary electric charges is

Back 2

electrostatics

Front 3

electrical charges are measured in

Back 3

coulombs

Front 4

one coulomb is equal to the electrical charge of ____ electrons

Back 4

6.25x10^18

Front 5

good ______ have a large number of free electrons

Back 5

conductors

Front 6

good ______ have few free electrons

Back 6

insulators

Front 7

____ is a good conductor

Back 7

copper

Front 8

_____ are good insulators

Back 8

wood, rubber

Front 9

five general laws of electrostatics are

Back 9

like charges repel and unlike charges attract.

the closer the stronger

electric charges reside only on the external surface of conductors

concentration of charges on a curved surface is greatest where the curvature is greatest

only negative charges are free to move in solid conductors

Front 10

like charges ______ and unlike charges ______

Back 10

repel, attract

Front 11

the closer _________ ________

Back 11

the stronger

Front 12

electric charges reside only on the _______ surface of conductors

Back 12

external

Front 13

concentration of charges on a curved surface is greatest where the curvature is________

Back 13

greatest

Front 14

only ________ charges are free to move in solid conductors

Back 14

negative

Front 15

in electrostatics, electrification of objects begins to happen when gain either a net _____ or net ______ charge

Back 15

positive , negative

Front 16

an object may be electrified by ______, by _______, or by ________

Back 16

friction, contact, induction

Front 17

which is used in radiography

Back 17

induction

Front 18

the study of electric charges in motion; what we think of as electricity

Back 18

electrodynamics

Front 19

for electric current to move an ________ must exist

Back 19

electric potential(voltage)

Front 20

_______ is the ability to do work because of a separation of charges: electrons will flow from ________ to ________

Back 20

electric potential (voltage)

abundance to deficiency

Front 21

______ and _____ are the smallest unit of charge

Back 21

proton, and neutron

Front 22

electron

Back 22

- to +

Front 23

electricity

Back 23

+ to -

Front 24

electric potential unity of measurement

Back 24

volt

Front 25

_______ is an expression of the flow of elctrons in a conductor

Back 25

current

Front 26

current is measured in

Back 26

ampere

Front 27

_____ is the property of an element in a circuit that resists or impedes the flow of electricity

Back 27

resistance

Front 28

resistance unit of measure

Back 28

ohm

Front 29

a _____ is the potential difference that will maintain a current of 1 ampere in a circuit with a resistance of 1 ohm

Back 29

volt

Front 30

a ____ is also equal to the amount of work in _____ that can be done per unit of charge

Back 30

volt, joules

Front 31

a volt is the ratio of _____ to _____

Back 31

joules to coulombs

Front 32

volt = j/c

Back 32

joules / coulombs

Front 33

one coulomb flowing by a given point in 1 second is

Back 33

an ampere

Front 34

for electrical current to flow the following must be present

Back 34

potential difference between to electrodes

a suitable medium through which it can travel

Front 35

does electricity behave differntly depending on the medium through which it travels

Back 35

yes

Front 36

aluminum has a high _____

Back 36

resistance

Front 37

direct current flows in ____ direction

Back 37

one

Front 38

_____ ______ changes direction in cycles as the electric potential of the source changes

Back 38

alternating current

Front 39

ac has how many hertz per second

Back 39

60

Front 40

both ac and dc are used in basic x ray

Back 40

true

Front 41

ohms law

Back 41

v=ir (amps x resistance )

Front 42

the amount of resistance in a conductor depends on four things

Back 42

material

length

cross sectional area

temperature

Front 43

material

Back 43

copper, aluminum etc....

Front 44

length- the longer the higher the _____

Back 44

resistance

Front 45

cross sectional- the smaller, ______ goes _____

Back 45

resistance , up

Front 46

temperature - size of wire goes up ____ goes _____

Back 46

temperature , down

Front 47

examples of semiconductors

Back 47

silicon, diamonds

Front 48

a _______ circuit is a ______ pathway for electricity is required for electricity to flow

Back 48

closed, closed

Front 49

a ______ circuit is an ______ pathway such as occurs when a switch is turned off

Back 49

open. open

Front 50

______ circuit - circuit elements are wired along a single conductor

Back 50

series

Front 51

______ circuit- circuit elements bridge or brance across a conductor

Back 51

parallel

Front 52

rules for series circuits

Back 52

total voltage is equal to total current x total resistance

resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances rt=r1+r2+r3

current is equall throughout the circuit it=i1=i2=i3

voltage is equal to the sum of the individual voltages vt=v1+v2+v3

Front 53

rules for parallel circuits

Back 53

vt=ir

total current is equal to the sum of individual current

voltage is equal throughout

1/rt=1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3

Front 54

a ____ produces electrons through a chemical reaction , stores an electric charge long term and provides an electric potential

Back 54

battery

Front 55

is batter ac or dc

Back 55

dc

Front 56

a _______ temporarily stores an electric charge

Back 56

capacitor

Front 57

a ____ is a one way valve device allows electrons to flow in only one direction

Back 57

diode

Front 58

a ____ is a device that break or open circuit if there is a sudden surge

Back 58

fuse

Front 59

a _____ inhibits the flow electrons

Back 59

resistor

Front 60

a _____ is simply an adjustable or variable form of resistor

Back 60

rheostat

Front 61

a ______ is a device that opens a circuit

Back 61

switch

Front 62

a _____ is a device that can increase or decrease voltage by a predetermined amount

Back 62

transformer

Front 63

2 types of transformers

Back 63

step up, step down

Front 64

____ is the bypass to not get electrocuted

Back 64

grounding

Front 65

+ charged objects take on electrons from the earth and negative charged objects give up electrons to the earth until ___P_

Back 65

neutral

Front 66

____ is the ability of a material to attract iron, cobalt or nickel

Back 66

magnetism

Front 67

magnetic material spin in predominately ____ direction

Back 67

one

Front 68

flux

Back 68

a magnetic field consists of lines of force in space

Front 69

outside the magnet

Back 69

north to south

Front 70

inside the magnet

Back 70

south to north

Front 71

lines of flux in the same direction ____ each other and lines of flux in the opposite direction _____ each other

Back 71

repel, attract

Front 72

magnetic fields are _____ by nonmagnetic materials

Back 72

unaffected

Front 73

3 laws of magnetism

Back 73

every magnet has a north and south pole

like poles repel opposite poles attract

the closer the stronger

Front 74

the strength of the magnetic field is measured in the SI unit

Back 74

telsa

Front 75

mri from 0.5 to ___

Back 75

5 t

Front 76

most mri

Back 76

2.0 opend

Front 77

mri closed

Back 77

4.5-5

Front 78

diamagnetic materials are ______ _________ by magnetic fields

Back 78

weakly repelled ( water, mercury, gold)

Front 79

paramagnetic materials- are ______ _______ to magnetic fields

Back 79

platinum, gadolinium, aluminum.

Front 80

ferromagnetic materials are ____ ______ to magnetic material

Back 80

strongly attracted (iron, cobalt, nickel)

Front 81

any flow of electrons whether in space or in a conductor will be surrounded by a _______ ______

Back 81

magnetic field

Front 82

a moving magnetic field can create an ____ ______

Back 82

electric current

Front 83

first identified the principle of electromagnetism

Back 83

hans oersted

Front 84

found that moving a conductor through a magnetic field induces an electric current

Back 84

michael faraday

Front 85

the induction of electricity in secondary coil by a moving magnetic field

Back 85

mutual induction ( ct gantry, x ray)

Front 86

lenz law

Back 86

induced current flows in a direction that opposes the action that induced it ( self induciton)

Front 87

self induciton

Back 87

a magnetic field is created in a coil carrying electical current and expand outward from the center of the coil

Front 88

devices that convert some form of mechanical enery into electrical energy

Back 88

electric generators

Front 89

devices that convert electrical energy to mechanical energy thorugh electromagnetic induction

Back 89

electric motors

Front 90

devices used to increase or decrease voltage

Back 90

transformers

Front 91

cheapest form of energy

Back 91

transformer

Front 92

step up ______ circuit

Back 92

primary

Front 93

step down _____ circuit

Back 93

filament

Front 94

increase voltage ____ current

Back 94

decrease

Front 95

transformer law for voltage

Back 95

direct vs/vp= ns/np

Front 96

transformer law for current

Back 96

inverse ls/lp=np/ns

Front 97

relation of voltage to current in a transformer

Back 97

inverse is/ip= vp/vs

Front 98

closed core and shell type transformers are ____ _____ type

Back 98

most efficient

Front 99

autotransformer operates in the principle of

Back 99

self induction has only once coil

Front 100

primary circuit consits of

Back 100

main power switch, circuit breakers, the autotransformers, the timer circuit, and the primary side of the step up transformer

Front 101

secondary circuit consists of

Back 101

secondary side of step up transformer, the ma meter, a rectifier bank, and the x ray tube

Front 102

filament circuit consists of

Back 102

rheostat, a step down transformer, and filaments

Front 103

a device usually wired to the autotransformer that auto adjusts the pwere to 220

Back 103

line compensator

Front 104

protects against short circuits and electric shock

Back 104

circuit breakers

Front 105

an adjustable transformer controlled by the KVP selector on the operating console

Back 105

autotransformer

Front 106

used to increase the voltage from the autotransformer to the kilovoltage ncessary for x ray production

Back 106

step up transformer

Front 107

easier to turn on and off a low voltage than a very high one

Back 107

timer circuit

Front 108

aec

Back 108

serves as the same role as timer

patients body part is the variable

ionization chamber

Front 109

a device placead in the secondary circuit that monitors x ray tube current

Back 109

ma meter

Front 110

needed to convert ac to dc

Back 110

rectifiers

Front 111

rectifiers are arranged in

Back 111

pairs

Front 112

half wave rectification

Back 112

one half of the ac cycle flows sthrough the xray tube and other half is blocked

Front 113

single phase full wave power ______ % ripple

Back 113

100

Front 114

three waveforms can be phased or synchronized

Back 114

alternating currents

Front 115

13 to 3.5 % ripple

Back 115

three phase full wave refticiation

Front 116

1 % ripple

Back 116

high frequency full wave rectification

Front 117

a variable resistor controlled by the ma selector

Back 117

rheostat

Front 118

determine the quanitity of electrons boiled off of the filament

Back 118

exposure timer

Front 119

used in the filament circuit to incresase the current by reducing the voltage that is appleid to the filament

Back 119

step down transformer

Front 120

tiny coils of wire housed in the cathode of the x ray tube

Back 120

filament ( large and small focal spot )