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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The 3 Main Ancient African Kingdoms were...
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Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
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At the Berlin Conference (1885)...
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Bismarck created rules for the colonization of Africa in an attempt to limit conflict and keep peace and stability.
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The Partition of Africa
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Europeans imposed borders on Africa, paying absolutely no attention to the cultural differences of the people already living there.
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The Moghul Empire
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Akbar was a great leader who was popular due to his religious tolerance. Aurangzeb, however, led India downhill. India became a power vaccuum, requiring the stability and safety of British trading communities.
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The British East India Company
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There were 3 trading posts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay. The trading company was like the "government" of the trading communities, but it still allowed the locals some power.
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The Great Mutiny / The Sepoy Mutiny
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Indian natives (Sepoy) in the army rebelled against the British. As a result, Parliament decided to get rid of the British East India Company. Instead, Britain itself would completely rule India (The Raj).
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The Raj
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This new form of British rule governed India, led by a Viceroy (always British). England helped develop India economically and built a new capitol, New Dehli. The Raj was relatively humane, even allowing the formation of the Indian National Congress (lets Indians have some involvement in the Raj).
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Amritsar Massacre
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?
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The Opium Wars
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Europeans traded opium to the Chinese, addicting the population. The Chinese government tried to stop opium use.
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European Control of China after the Opium Wars
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After the Opium Wars, Britain and France gained concessions (extraterritoriality, granted spheres of influence in China, low taxes on Chinese goods). The British gained Hong Kong and the Chinese people loved Charles Gordon (British). Sun Yat-Sen, a westernized reformer, instituted a Republic in China.
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Extraterritoriality
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Even while in China, Europeans are bound by European law rather than Chinese law.
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Meiji Restoration / Meiji Era
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The Japanese nobles overthrew the Shogun and reinstated the emperor's power. Japan decided to westernize (they industrialized, formed a constitution and legislature, and adopted imperialism). Matthew Perry, an American, was the first to trade with Japan.
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Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
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Japan defeated China in a war for Kora, and then declared Korea as "independent of China's control." As a concession, Japan received the Liatung Peninsula from China. Feeling threatened, Russia took the Liatung Peninsula from Japan, gaining Manchuria and Port Arthur.
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The Boxer Rebellion (1900)
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A secret Chinese society, the Boxers, killed foreigners with secret aid from the government. The rebellion was suppressed by Europeans and Americans.
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Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
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The Japanese navy attacked Port Arthur (Russia). The Battle of Mukden was the main land battle. Japan won due to its new military technology, marking Japan's shift into a 1st rank imperial power. Europeans were in complete shock that a non-European power had managed to beat a European power. This gave hope to imperialized people around the world.
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Soviets
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Bolsheviks / Mensheviks
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Social Democrats
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Bismarck's Alliance System
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Bismarck's main goal was to isolate France, avoid a two-front war, and maintain European stability.
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The Dual Alliance / The Triple Alliance
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The Dual Alliance was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria against Russia (Austria=horse, Germany=rider). It became the Triple Alliance when Italy joined (trying to become one of the Big Boys and get some Italia Irredentia)
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Kaiser William II (1888)
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He cared more about about German power than a balance of power - he was jealous of Britain's #1 status. He fired Bismarck (wasn't aggressive enough for William) and replaced him with Caprivi. William got rid of the Reinsurance Treaty (which had confirmed Germany's relationship with Russia). He wanted to intimidate Britain into an alliance, but his plan backfired. He tried to outdo Britain's navy (without success), which pissed off Britain.
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Franco--Russian Alliance
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France and Russia formed a defensive alliance (1894), making a two-front war possible in the future.
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Entente Cordiale / The First Moroccan Crisis
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Britain and France made a loose agreement to be friendly, The Entente Cordiale. Germany attempted to destroy this alliance by proving that Britain and France could not actually rely on each other. Kaiser William helped stir up rebellion in Morocco (run by France). To his surprise, Britain actually went to Morocco and helped France put down the rebellions. Kaiser William's plan backfired - this actually brought Britain and France closer together!
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The Triple Entente
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This alliance between France, Britain, and Russia was formed (1907) - threat of a two-front war for Germany.
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The Balkans
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Slavic nationalism was rising in the islands in the Balkans (including Serbia), which was threatening to Austria. Russia (Big Slavic Brother) supported the Slavic nationalism.
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Serbia
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Serbia wanted to annex Albana for itself, which would give Serbia a coast (trade, spread of Slavic nationalism). Serbia was not allowed to annex Albania. Russia (Big Slavic Brother) supported Serbia but the rest of the Triple Entente didn't.
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The Naval Race
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germany vs britain (kaiser william)
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand (Franz Ferdinand)
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He was the hair to the Austrian throne. On June 28th, 1914, he was murdered by The Black Hand (a radical Slavic nationalist group). Austria believed that the murder was actually plotted by the Serbian government. OMG!
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General War Begins
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On July 28th, 1914, Austria (reluctantly supported by Germany) declared war on Serbia (supported by Russia [Big Slavic Brother], who was then joined by Britain and France).
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The Allied Powers (Triple Entente)
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Advantages: High population, better economic position, forces Germany to fight a two-front war.
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The Central Powers (Triple Alliance)
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Advantages: Strong German military, advanced technology.
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