Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Council of Nicaea
|
- meeting prompted by Arius' challenge of the nature of Jesus
- resulted in Nicene Creed, which denounced Arius' challenge and stated Jesus' divinity -Arians were excommunicated but their word had spread already |
|
|
Melania the Younger
|
- daughter of rich Roman patrican who wanted to practice a life of chastity
-went from rich to more basic values -mirrored Rome's transformation to Christianity. |
|
|
Theodosius
|
-Emperor who massacred his people and was excommunicated by Ambrose until he publically repented (showed ecclesiastical power over the crown)
- forbid public worship of Roman cults. Christianity became the official religion of Rome |
|
|
Paul of Tarsus
|
- orginial against Christianity, experienced a vision of Jesus and converted
- took on mission to spread Christianity. Travel to establish new Christan communities -eliminated dietary restrictions |
|
|
monasticism
|
- To withdraw from the distraction of the world in order to worship God
- some became hermits, other joined monstic communities |
|
|
Pope Gregory the Great
|
- forwarded the supremacy of the pope
- took over daily administration of Rome - Reorganized estates and managed them to generate money for the poor - directed the defense |
|
|
Clovis
|
- murdered his own relatives to consolidate his rule
- unified larage portions of Franish kingdom - converted to Roman Christianity which gave him power and prestige |
|
|
Council of Whitby
|
- meeting of the church where it was decided that Roman Christianity would set the calendar for England and Rome
|
|
|
Petrine Doctrine
|
- assurted the supremacy of the Pope which the empirers of the east did not agree with
- Pope Gelasius' 2 swords |
|
|
Pepin the Short
|
- son of Charles who became mahor after his father's death
-asked the Pope to name him Kind of the Franks. He was. - seized land of the invading Lombards & Byzantine and give it to Pope Zachary |
|
|
Tacitus's 'Germania'
|
- praised German family values and devotion to marriage in order to criticize Roman society.
|
|
|
Iconoclasm
|
- Emperor ordered no more icon worship. Only God was to be worshipped
-The East wanted to challenge the church -The West refused to follow it Greek Orthodox vs Catholics grew further apart |
|
|
Hijra
|
- Muhammad leaves Mecca because the people do not accept him
- Sept 24 b22 - 1st day of Islamic calendar - converts more people to Islam in Medina then returns to Mecca |
|
|
Muhammad
|
- Muhammad was a carvan manager who married his widowed boss
- visited by arch angel Gabriel at Mt. Hira where he recieved the final revolation from God |
|
|
Qur'an
|
- written revelations of Muhammad
- The only accepted version of the revelations |
|
|
Battle of Tours
|
- Islamic arms invaded Merovingian kindgom confident that they would be victorious
- Merovingian general, Charles Martel, led a force to Tours and defeated the Muslims |
|
|
Shi'ites
|
- believed in equality of all believers no matter where they were from
- believed leaders should be decendents of leader Ali - Ali was assasinated |
|
|
Umayyads
|
- Sunni took over after Shi'ite leader Ali's assasination
- promote privalage of the Arabs - move capital to Damascus |
|
|
Abbasids
|
- Umayyads accused of falling away from Islam
- Tension grows between Sunni and Shi'ites - Umayyads knocked out of power (mostly all of Umayyad family is killed) - Capital moved to Baghdad |
|
|
wergeld
|
- "man gold"
- Germanic law, relative price of individuals that established the fee for compensation to a family in case of injury/death of a person |
|
|
ordeal
|
-Germanica law. The accused would burn a part of themselves (i.e hand) and if the burn healed they were innocent. God would protect them.
|
|
|
compugation
|
- Germanica law. 12 honorable men would testify to the character of the accused.
|
|
|
witan
|
- Ancient Angle-Saxon men who particpated in an assembly
- had to approve of a new King - discussed governmental discision such as laws |
|
|
Alfred the Great
|
- King of Wessex
- signed a treaty with Danish King, Guthrum, to divide England. Danish King agreed to convert to Christianity - rules with law and learning |
|
|
Danelaw
|
- The North half of England proportioned to the Danish Kingdom in the treaty with Alfred the Great.
- converted to Christianity |
|
|
Charlemagne
|
- crowned Holy Roman Empireror by the Pope
- patron of learning and the arts - law: capitualars (new law) and common law - government: missi dominici (1 nobleman/1 bishop) - land: aquire a lot of land and forced the inhabitants to convert to Christianity |
|
|
missi dominici
|
- royal officials under Charlemagne who traveled around the country to enforce the king's law
- 1 nobleman and 1 bishisp |
|
|
Tready of Verdun
|
- King Louis' sons divided their father's kingdom into 3 parts after his death destroying Charelmagne's united western Europe
|
|
|
Cluniac Reform
|
- monastaries did not like the control that the kings had over them.
- the Monks persuaded the duke of France to fund a monastery in Cluny that was exempt from local control |
|
|
Magyars
|
- invaded Germany, France and Italy before settling to establish the kingdom of Hungary
|
|
|
Serf
|
- medeval pesants who were personally free, but bound to the land. They owed labor obligations as well as fees
|
|
|
Fief
|
- the portion of land given by lords to vassals to provide from their maintenance in return for their service
|
|
|
Vassal
|
a noble who binds himself to his lord in return for maintenance
|
|
|
Henry II
|
Polictal: Promoted lesser nobales to power
Financial: increaed exchequer Judicial: expanded royal court law/justice of eyre Church: specified crown over church land: married Eleanore of Aquitane to gain land |
|
|
justice of eyre
|
traveling justices empowered with royal authority by Henry II
|
|
|
Thomas Beckett
|
Constitution of Clarendon - Henry II's delcaration of the crown over church. Thomas Beckett refused to promote it because wouldn't want royals to run church
- slaughtered by Henry's men. Henry begs for forgiveness |
|
|
Dictates of the Pope
|
Pope Gregory outlines power of the pope:
- can reenstate bishops - princesses shall kiss his feet (power of church over crown) - can dispose Emperors * written in result of conflict w/ King Henry II |
|
|
Albigensions
|
- believed in deulistic universe (evil and good)
- body is evil, spirit is good (attend to spirit/not body) -condemed by church/inquisition/burned at the stake |
|
|
Dominicans and Franciscans
|
Franciscans- (model) live a life of Christianity, exemplify ways of church
Dominicans - (teachers) exemplifes how to live the ways of the church |
|
|
Waldensians
|
-St. Francis had a conversion experience. Franciscan became an order.
- had to live a life of poverty and couldn't preach their ideas - preached anyway and faced inquisition from church |
|
|
inquisition
|
- Church questioned people in order to find out if they not practicing Christians
|
|
|
Magna Carta
|
- Kings not above law
- Kings couldn't impinge on nobleman's rights - King could impose no new taxes without approval - King could not violatethe process of the law |
|
|
Philip IV
|
-asks the church for a grant but Pope refuses. Prompts Boniface to write a document that church can't give $ to king without approval
|
|
|
Unam Sanctum
|
- document by Pope Boniface stating the Pope's powever of the crown
|
|
|
Philip II Augustus
|
- made great strides in centralizing his land
- took over English lands - quadrupled income of monarchy - appointed salaried official to collect taxes and represent his interests |
|
|
Flagellants
|
- resorted to extreme measures to try to eliminate the plague
- beat themselves 3 times a day and splased blood on the churches as an offering to God |
|
|
John Wycliffe
|
- critiqued the organized church
- claimed no scriptural basis of papal claims to Earthly powers - wanted simple church led by a clergy that rejected wealth |
|
|
Jan Hus
|
- preacher
- demand church reform - wanted Bohemian freedom from German dominance - defended his beliefs in from of Council of Constance but was burned at the stake for heresy |
|
|
War of the Roses
|
- English monarch was weak from Paraliment taking over
- Lancast and York family began a civil war for the throne. - each family had a different color rose |
|
|
Pope Innocent III
|
- was able to assert leadership over the royals of Europe
- fought heretics - called council to clairfy Christian beliefs. Identified 7 sacraments |
|
|
Concilar movement
|
- councail of bishops were to restore order and reform abuses of the church
- wanted to convert the church to a constituational monarchy. Limiting papal power - disposed 2 popes and name a new one but the 1st 2 refused to step down = 3 popes - disposed of all 3 and elected a cardinal |
|
|
John Ball and Wat Tyler
|
- preachers who led a revolt for social reform with religious hope, b/c were angry about the freezing of earning after the plague
|
|
|
Great Schism
|
- 2 popes elected: Pope Urban (Italian) and Pope Clement VII (French)
- the people were divded between them because of political motivations - popes denounced each other and tired to increase split revenues - church criticized for it's concern with money over spiritual. ppl wanted unification |
