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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 things that can happen to Photons from the sun..... |
Reflect , Refract, Absorb |
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Photons : Absorption |
When a Photon absorbs sunlight, the molecules vibrate within the object and then the object becomes hotter and emits thermal energy. |
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Photons: Refraction |
When a photon Refracts sunlight the light goes through the object and changes direction. (The light gets bent). |
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Photons: Reflection |
Sunlight comes in and bounces off of the object Ex. A Mirror |
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Wavelength |
The wavelength = frequency |
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Short wavelength / Long |
Long Wave lengths are LOW frequency, RED SHORT wavelengths are HIGH Frequency, BLUE |
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Amplitude determines... |
Intensity Great Amp= Bright colors Small Amp= Dull colors |
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Light saturation |
Light intensity beyond light response curve. At this point there are increases n light intensity. |
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Light Purity..... |
the # of wavelengths that it takes to make up light |
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Whytt's Reflex |
Robert Whytt did studies on reflexes and discovered that our bodies have natural reflexes, and often times the body automatically reacts without instruction from the brain |
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What is Accomodation |
The process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image |
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Accommodation: Close |
The eye accommodates for close images by tightening the ciliary muscles allowing the lens to become more rounded |
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Accomadation: Far |
The eye loosens the ciliary muscles allowing the lens to view things further away. |
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More refraction |
When the image is close and the ciliary muscles loosen up |
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Less refraction |
When the image is further away and the muscles loosen up |
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Hyperopia: Far sighted |
Image is focused behind the retina Cause: Eye maybe to short or lens may not refract light. |
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Myopia: Near Sighted |
image is focused on retina Cause: the eye may be to long or the cornea has crystallized lens. |
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Convex Lens |
Outwards (more oval like) |
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Concave lens |
In words (sides are caved in ) |
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The process of Transduction |
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P B Hag |
cornea-> Pupil-> Lens V.Humor- Rods/cones- > Bipolorcells->>Gag. cells-> optic nerve P.B.Hag |
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Cones |
6- 8 Million Phopticvision In the fovea (center) Low sensativity to dim light Hi sensativity to bright light Wavelength= short Low acuity= convergence move mor rapidly |
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Rods |
120- 130mil. scotopic periphery high sensativity to dim light low sensatvity to bright light long wavelengths high acuity = convergence more sensative |
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Blind spot |
Located in the back of the eye, an area that contains not photo receptors. |
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Astigmatism |
lens inside eye is curved differently in one direction |
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Glaucoma |
The nerve connecting the eye to the brain is damaged |
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Macular degeneranration |
loss in the eye center of the field of vsion |
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Retinitis Pigmentosa |
Retina is damaged |
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Floaters |
spots of various shapes/ sizes appear in vitreous humor |
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Achromatic |
Not being able to see colors (only sees in black/ white) |
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Night Blindness |
Not being able to see well at night |
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Duplex vision |
Our visual system consists of two photoreceptors. Photoptic vision and Scotoptic vision. |
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Duplex vision: Photopic Vision |
operates best under dim light. and with the absence of color. like Rods |
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Duplex vision: Scopotopic vision |
operates best in bright light and in color ex. cones |
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Convergence |
Refers to level of detail acuity sensativity depends on level of convergence |
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Off center w/ off surround vs. off center w/ on surround |
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Magnocellular : M- cells |
Rods responds to any wavelength of light large receptive fields process visual motion (poor resolution) fast response |
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Parvocellular : P-cells |
process color info. small receptive field good visual resolution slow responce |
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Simple cells |
small elongated stright lines certin orientatn spacific to edges |
