The Vertebral Column And Thorax

Front 1

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

Back 1

33

Front 2

How many of the vertebrae are individually moveable?

Back 2

24

Front 3

What is the "body" of a vertebrae?

Back 3

the principal load bearing contact area between adjacent vertebrae

Front 4

What fills the space between the surfaces of the vertebrae and serves as a cushion for them?

Back 4

fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disks

Front 5

What is the opening in the center of each vertebra that holds the spinal chord?

Back 5

the vertebral or spinal foramen

Front 6

What projects out from the posterior surface of each vertebra?

Back 6

The spinous process

Front 7

What is on each side of vertebrae?

Back 7

The transverse process

Front 8

What are the pendicles?

Back 8

They extend backward from the body of each vertebra and form a portion of the body arch around the vertebral foramen.

Front 9

What do the concavities above and below the pendicles form?

Back 9

intervertebral foramina through which the spinal nerves emerge fromt eh spinal cord

Front 10

What are the laminae?

Back 10

The posterolateral portion of the body arch around the vertebral foramen that looks like two broad plates.

Front 11

What fuses on the midline to form the spinous process?

Back 11

The laminae

Front 12

What forms the cervical vertebrae?

Back 12

The upper seven bones of the neck.

Front 13

What is the the atlas?

Back 13

The first vertebrae of the cervical vertebrae

Front 14

Which is larger, the spinal foramen in the cervical vertebrae, or the spinal foramen in the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 14

cervical, because it needs to accommodate a short portion of the brain stem which extends down into this space.

Front 15

On each side of the spinal foramen in the cervical vertebrae there is a depression. What is this called?

Back 15

the superior articular facet

Front 16

What are the transverse foramina?

Back 16

They are the small holes in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae which form the passageway on each side of the spinal column for the vertebral artery and vertebral vein.

Front 17

What is the axis?

Back 17

The second cervical vertebra.

Front 18

What is the odontoid process?

Back 18

It is a vertical protrusion located only on the axis, which provides a pivot for the rotation of the atlas to move the head from side to side.

Front 19

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 19

The twelve vertebrae below the seven cervical vertebrae.

Front 20

What distinguishes thoracic vertebrae from cervical ones?

Back 20

Thoracics are larger and thicker and all twelve of them have facets on their transverse processes for articulation with ribs

Front 21

What are the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 21

The five vertebrae below the thoracic vertebrae.

Front 22

What distiguishes the lumbar vertebrae from the thoracic and cervical?

Back 22

The lumbar are the thickest because they carry more stress.

Front 23

What are the five fused vertebrae that are inferior to the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 23

The sacrum.

Front 24

Where are the superior articulating surfaces?

Back 24

There are two of them and they are at the top of the sacrum which provide contact with articulating surfaces of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

Front 25

What is the infraspinous fossa?

Back 25

it is the shallow indentation below the spine of the scapula

Front 26

What is the median sacral crest?

Back 26

It is on the back of the sacrum where three spinous processes are fused together.

Front 27

What is the formed by the vertebral foramina when they are fused in the sacrum?

Back 27

The sacral canal

Front 28

What is the very bottom opening of the sacral canal called?

Back 28

the sacral hiatus

Front 29

Where are the sacral foramina and how many are there?

Back 29

On each side of the sacral crest. Eight.

Front 30

What is the coccyx?

Back 30

The "tailbone" of the vertebral column

Front 31

What are the four curvatures of the vertebral column?

Back 31

cervical, thoracic, lumbar and pelvic

Front 32

What is the thorax?

Back 32

The cone shape made up of the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages and thoracic vertebra

Front 33

What role does the thorax play for the body?

Back 33

It supports the shoulder girdles and forms a protective shield for the heart and lungs.

Front 34

How many ribs are there?

Back 34

12

Front 35

What are the vertebrosternal ribs?

Back 35

The first seven pairs of ribs which attach directly to the the sternum by costal cartilages. Also called "true ribs".

Front 36

What is the name of the five pairs of ribs that do not attach to the sternum?

Back 36

false ribs

Front 37

What are the vertebrochondral ribs?

Back 37

The upper three pairs of false ribs which attach to each other by cartilage.

Front 38

What are the vertebral ribs?

Back 38

The lowest false ribs which are unattached to anything but the vertebrae. Also called "floating ribs".

Front 39

What is the breastbone called?

Back 39

The sternum.

Front 40

What three bones make up the sternum?

Back 40

upper: manubrium, middle: body or gladiolus, lower: xiphoid process.

Front 41

What is the slender S shaped bone which articulates with the manubrium of its medial end and the scapula on its lateral end?

Back 41

The clavicle, or collar bone.

Front 42

What is the scapula?

Back 42

the shoulder blade

Front 43

What is the glenoid cavity?

Back 43

the socket on the scapula which holds the head of the humerus.

Front 44

How is the shoulder blade kept in place?

Back 44

It is not attached to the axial skeleton, but is held loosely in place by muscles.

Front 45

What is the coracoid process?

Back 45

It is the ridge along the front and back edges of the glenoid cavity.

Front 46

Where is the inferior angle of the scapula?

Back 46

the point of the shoulder blade formed at the junction of the medial and and lateral margins

Front 47

Where is the superior angle of the scapula?

Back 47

the top corner of the shoulder blade formed at the junctions of the superior and medial margins

Front 48

Where is the superior margin of the scapula?

Back 48

it is the top edge of the shoulder blade

Front 49

Where is the scapular notch?

Back 49

it is a small indentation in the superior margin of the shoulder blade

Front 50

What is the acromion?

Back 50

is it the extension of the shoulder that is fan-shaped and attaches to the clavicle.

Front 51

What is the coracoid process?

Back 51

the other extension of the shoulder bone that looks like a downward hook

Front 52

What is the glenoid fossa?

Back 52

the smooth concave surface that connects with the humerus

Front 53

What is the subscapular fossa?

Back 53

a slightly depressed region found in the anterior side of the scapula

Front 54

What is the medial border or margin?

Back 54

the semi-vertical edge which faces the vertebrae also known as the vertebral margin

Front 55

What is the spine of the scapula?

Back 55

the thick ridge that runs between the acromion and the medial (vertebral) margin