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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How many vertebraes (in the vertebral column) we have? Specify the corresponding sections
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32–34 vertebrae in 5 sections
Sacrum 5 (fused) Coccyx 3–5 (fused) |
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Name the curvatures of the spine that we have
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4 curvatures:
– Cervical – Thoracic – Lumbar – Sacral |
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What are the primary curvatures?
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– Thoracic
– Sacral |
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What are the secondary curvatures?
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– Cervical
– Lumbar |
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How are the primary curvatures?
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CONCAVE anteriorly
concave = OUTWARD curvature |
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How are the secondary curvatures?
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CONVEX anteriorly
convex = INWARD curvature |
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Which curvatures mature throughout early–life growth and development
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Definition of KYPHOSIS
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= excessive outward curvature of the spine
–> in CERVICAL section of the column vertebrae |
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Definition of LORDOSIS
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= excessive inward curvature of the spine.
–> in LUMBOSACRAL section of the column vertebrae |
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Definition of SCOLIOSIS
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= abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
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What are the mvmts of the vetebral column?
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– Flexion/ extension
– Lateral flexion – Rotation |
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What is this? And which parts are responsible for it?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/13/85/15/12138515_m.jpeg
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Rotation
– of the HEAD& NECK: by CERVICAL spine – of the UPPER TRUNK: by THORACIC spine |
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What is this? And which parts are responsible for it?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/13/85/24/12138524_m.jpeg
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Flexion/ extension
by CERVICAL & LUMBAR spine |
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What is this?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/13/85/27/12138527_m.jpeg
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Lateral flexion
by CERVICAL & LUMBAR spine |
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Which section do the vertebral column increase in size?
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From
cervical to lumbar (so Secondary curvature) |
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE –
Where is the vertebral body? |
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE – What is this?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/14/23/40/12142340_m.png
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Pedicule
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE –
Where is the lamina? |
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE –What is this?
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Transverse process
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE – Where is the spinous process?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/14/24/90/12142490_m.png
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE – What is this?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/14/23/76/12142376_m.jpeg
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Vertebral foramen
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE – Where are the articular facets? (sup. and inf.)
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/14/26/25/12142625_m.png
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TYPICAL FEATURE OF A VERTEBRAE – Where is the vertebral/ neural arch?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/14/27/36/12142736_m.png
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TYPICAL VERTEBRAE FEATURES summary
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Orientation of the ARTICULAR PROCESS in all the sections
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/13/99/12161399_m.png
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What is this? And in which section we can find it?
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Uncinated process – on the cervical vertebrae
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Definition of BIFID.
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Bifid = division into 2 segments
We can find it on the spinous process (bifid spinous process) of the cervical vertebrae (see well the picture) |
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Which section has a LARGE vertebral foramen?
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Cervical
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Summary of
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Identify this
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/13/90/12161390_m.png
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The atlas, with these features
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Atypical features of the ATLAS (C1)
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Identify this
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/14/05/12161405_m.png
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The axis, with these features
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Atypical features of the AXIS (C2)
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Where are the costal facets?
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On the transverse processes => transverse costal facet
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On which section can we find the transverse costal facet?
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On the thoracic vertebrae
(see well the picture) |
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How is the THORACIC spinous process?
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Long, narrow, sloping
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How is the VERTEBRAL BODY of the thoracic process?
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Heart–shaped vertebral body
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Summary of Thoracic Vertebral (T1–T12) Features
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/67/51/12166751_m.png
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How is the VERTEBRAL BODY of the lumbar process?
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Kidney–Shaped Vertebral Body
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/68/29/12166829_m.png
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How is the LUMBAR spinous process?
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Short, Wide
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Summary of Lumbar (L1–L5) Vertebral Features
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Identify this
(anterior view) |
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Sacrum process
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Where is the transverse ridge on the sacrum process?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/71/47/12167147_m.png
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Identify this
Posterior view |
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medial sacral crest
anterior view |
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Where is the Sacral Promontory on the Sacrum section?
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At the BASE of the sacrum
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/73/39/12167339_m.png
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Definition & position of the Sacral Ala
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Sacral Ala = " wings" on the sacrum
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Where are the Anterior & Posterior Sacral Foramina?
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/75/40/12167540_m.png
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Identify this
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Sacral Hiatus
superior view |
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Summary of Sacral Vertebral (S1–S4) Features
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/77/50/12167750_m.png
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Identify this
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Coccyx section
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Identify A, B, C
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JOINT of the vertebral column – where is the
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JOINT of the vertebral column – Which joint is between the uncinated processes?
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Uncovertebral Joint (Of Luschka)
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In total, how many joints of the vertebral column we have? Name their names & positions
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5, divided into 2 types of joints (cranial–vertebral & vertebral joint)
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/83/56/12168356_m.png
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How many atlanto–axial joints there are?
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3
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/81/58/12168158_m.png
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The MEDIAN atlanto–axial joint is held together by what?
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The transverse ligament
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What are the mvmts of Atlanto–occipital & Atlanto–axial joint?
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*Atlanto–occipital: neck flexion and extension
(permits motion of nodding “yes”) *Atlanto–axial: head rotation (skull and atlas rotate on axis; rotating head to say “no”) |
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Atlanto–occipital = between the occipital condyles on the base of the skull and lateral masses of the atlas.
–Illustrate them– |
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Identify A and B
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/16/86/44/12168644_m.png
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A = Alar ligaments
B = Transverse ligament of the ATLANTO–AXIAL JOINT |
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The Nucleus Pulposus and the Annulus fibrosus – Definition and location (on which vertebral joint?)
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*Nucleus Pulposus = "NOYAU" of the Intervertebral disc
*Annulus fibrosus = RING (outer & inner ring) of the Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc = of the INTERVERTEBRAL JOINT |
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Identify this
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UNCOVERTEBRAL JOINT (of Luschka)
–––between uncinated process (of the cervical vertebrae)––– |
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In which joint we can find Hernia – Disc protrusion
and How many types of Hernia there are? |
Intervertebral joint
2 types: 1. CENTRAL herniation 2. POSTEROLATERAL herniation |
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Identify this joint
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ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joint
(between articular processes) |
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Classification of INTERVERTEBRAL & ZYGAPOPHYSEAL joints?
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– Intervertebral joint: solid – symphysis joint
– Zygapophyseal joint: synovial, plane/ gliding joint |
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LIGAMENT of the vertebral column – Identify A, B, C, D, E
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//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/17/18/54/12171854_m.png
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On CORONAL plane, how can we see and identify these ligaments?
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LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE vs SUPRASPINAL LIGAMENT
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Describe common injuries of the spine
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1. Hyperextension of the neck
2. Whiplash injury – Hyperextension 3. "Hangman's fracture" |
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Hyperextension of the neck – What structures are disrupted?
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– Fracture of the posterior arch elements (pedicle, spine)
– Intervertebral disc injury |
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Whiplash injury–Hyperextension – What structures are disrupted?
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– Tear–drop fracture and dislocation of vertebrae
– Torn anterior longitudinal ligament |
//fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/17/72/54/12177254_m.png
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"Hangman's fracture" – What structures are disrupted?
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– Disruption of:
* C2/C3 disc * anterior longitudinal ligament |
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