The Urinary System

Front 1

these do the majority of work for the urinary system

Back 1

kidneys

Front 2

what do the kidney's produce?

Back 2

urine

Front 3

urine is initially an ___________________ of the blood, which is then modified by selective reabsorption and specific secretions by cells of the kidney

Back 3

ultrafiltrate

Front 4

how much ultrafiltrate do kidneys pull out every day?

Back 4

150 L in females and 180 L in males

Front 5

what percent of ultrafiltrate is brough back into the bloodstream via selective reabsorption?

Back 5

99%

Front 6

how much urine do we produce a day?

Back 6

1-2 liters

Front 7

these transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Back 7

paired ureters

Front 8

this temporarily stores urine prior to elimination

Back 8

urinary bladder

Front 9

this leads from the bladder to the exterior of the body

Back 9

urethra

Front 10

do the kidneys have endocrine function?

Back 10

yes

Front 11

what other organ do the kidneys assist in detoxification of poisons?

Back 11

liver

Front 12

what type of wastes does the liver excrete?

Back 12

nitrogenous wastes

Front 13

paired bean shaped structures that are reddish brown in color due to their vascularity

Back 13

kidneys

Front 14

how much does a kidney weigh in an average adult?

Back 14

150 grams

Front 15

these are located lateral to the vertebral column in a retroperitoneal position

Back 15

kidneys

Front 16

what kidney is slightly more inferior?

Back 16

right because of location of the liver

Front 17

the deep vertical fissure along the medial concave border of the kidney

Back 17

hilum

Front 18

the part of an organ in which structures enter or exit it

Back 18

hilum

Front 19

this brings urine out of the kidney at the hilum

Back 19

renal pelvis

Front 20

an internal space which is filled with loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, along with the renal pelvis, the calyces, and branches of the blood vessels and nerves

Back 20

renal sinus

Front 21

this connective tissue capsule covers the kidney's surface

Back 21

renal capsule

Front 22

what is found between the renal sinus and the renal capsule?

Back 22

parenchyma

Front 23

of or relating to the kidneys

Back 23

renal

Front 24

the functional part of the kidney

Back 24

parenchyma

Front 25

what are the 2 distinct regions of the parenchyma?

Back 25

renal cortex and renal medulla

Front 26

the superficial or outer area of the parenchyma

Back 26

renal cortex

Front 27

the deeper or inner area of the parenchyma

Back 27

renal medulla

Front 28

6-18 distinct conical or triangular structures whose base faces the cortex

Back 28

renal pyramids

Front 29

the point of the renal pyramids

Back 29

renal papilla

Front 30

this projects into a minor calyx

Back 30

renal papilla

Front 31

the ducts at the end of the renal pyramids

Back 31

papillary ducts

Front 32

in between the pyramids

Back 32

renal columns

Front 33

cortical tissue within the medulla

Back 33

renal columns

Front 34

the kidneys are less than 0.5% of total body mass but they receive 20-25% of your resting cardiac output from what side of your heart

Back 34

left

Front 35

what supplies the kidneys?

Back 35

renal artery

Front 36

what does the renal artery come off of?

Back 36

descending abdominal aorta

Front 37

when the renal artery enters the renal sinus it divides into what?

Back 37

segmental arteries

Front 38

when segmental arteries enter the parenchyma they become what?

Back 38

interlobar arteries

Front 39

interlobar arteries divide into what?

Back 39

afferent arterioles

Front 40

these bring blood into the glomerulus

Back 40

afferent arterioles

Front 41

a ball of capillaries where filtration takes place

Back 41

glomerulus

Front 42

these drain blood away from the glomerular capullaries

Back 42

efferent arterioles

Front 43

these drain blood away from the kidneys

Back 43

renal veins

Front 44

the fundamental structure and functional unit of the kidney

Back 44

nephron

Front 45

what are the 2 parts of a nephron

Back 45

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Front 46

this is where glomerular filtration occurs

Back 46

renal corpuscle

Front 47

this is where tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occurs

Back 47

renal tubule

Front 48

what 3 processes do the nephrons perform for urine to be produced?

Back 48

glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion

Front 49

water and solutes in the blood plasma move from the glomerular capillaries into the glomerular capsule

Back 49

glomerular filtration

Front 50

filtered fluid then moves through the renal tubule where cells reabsorb 99% of filtered water and many solutes and these items return to the blood at the peritubular cavities

Back 50

tubular reabsorption

Front 51

the tubule cells can remove additional substances such as wastes, drugs, and excessive ions from the blood in peritubular cavities

Back 51

tubular secretion

Front 52

what are the 2 components of the renal corpuscle?

Back 52

glomerulus and Bowman's capsules

Front 53

a tuft of capillaries composed of 10-20 capillary loops

Back 53

glomerulus

Front 54

a double walled epithelial cup that surrounds teh glomerulus

Back 54

Bowman's capsule

Front 55

what does the renal tubule consist of?

Back 55

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule

Front 56

what from several nephrons empties into a single collecting duct?

Back 56

distal convoluted tubule

Front 57

several collecting ducts unite into these?

Back 57

papillary ducts

Front 58

papillary ducts drain into what at the renal papilla?

Back 58

minor calyces

Front 59

what is the capacity of the average urinary bladder

Back 59

700-800 mL