The Urinary System

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Major waste product of protein metabolism

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Urea

Front 2

Renal

Back 2

pertaining to the kidneys

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Outer rim of the kidney

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renal cortex

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Nephrons

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functional units that are present in the renal cortex

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Inner region of the kidney

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Medulla

Front 6

The pigment that gives the urine the normal straw color

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Urochrome

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External opening of the urethra

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Urinary meatus

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micturition

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urinating or voiding

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A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the kidneys

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Nephrologist

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A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary system of the females and males

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urologist

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The inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions

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renal failure

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Anuria

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Absence of urine

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Uremia

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Toxic condition caused by excessive amount of urea and other waste products in the blood stream.

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Condition in which high levels of protein are lost in the urine

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Nephrotic Syndrome

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Abnormal condition of the kidney

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Nephrosis

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Presence of abnormally high levels of protein in the urine

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Hyperproteinuria

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Presence of abnormally low levels of protein in the blood

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Hypoproteinemia

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Presence of abnormally large amounts of lipids in the blood

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Hyperlipidemia

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Disease of the kidney

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Nephropathy

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Dilation of one or both kidneys, as a result of obstruction of urine

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Hydronephrosis

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Distention (state of being enlarged) of the kidney

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Nephrectasis

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Inflammation of the kidney

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Nephritis

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Glomerulonephritis

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Nephritis that involves the glomeruli

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Prolapse or downward displacement of a kidney

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Nephroptosis or floating kidney

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Suppuration of the kidney

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Nephropyosis

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Inherited kidney disorder in which the kidneys become enlarged because of multiple cysts.

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polycystic kidney disease

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Inflammation of the renal pelvis

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Pyelitis

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Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

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Pyelonephritis

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Acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during passage of kidney stone.

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Renal colic

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Calculus

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Stone

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Disorder characterised by the presence of stones in the kidney

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Nephrolithiasis

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Distention(stretching) of ureter with urine because of blockage

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hydroureter

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Enlargement of the ureter

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Ureterectasis

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Discharge of blood from the ureter

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ureterorrhagia

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Narrowing of the ureter due to stricture of scar tissue.

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Ureterostenosis

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Pain in the urinary bladder

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Cystalgia
cystodynia

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Inflammation of the bladder

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Cystitis

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Chronic inflammation within the wall of the bladder.

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Interstitial cystitis

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Hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

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cystocele

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Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

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Vesicovaginal Fistula

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Inflammation of the urethra

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Urethritis

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Bleeding from the urethra

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Urethrorrhagia

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Abnormal discharge from the urethra

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urethrorrhea

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narrowing of the urethra

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urethrostenosis

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Congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

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Epispadias

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Increased excretion of urine

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diuresis

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Difficult or painful urination

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dysuria

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Involuntary discharge of urine

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enuresis

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Excessive urination in the night

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nocturia

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scanty urination

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oliguria

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excessive urination

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polyuria

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Difficulty in starting a urinary stream

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Urinary hesitancy

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inability to empty bladder

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urinary retention

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Inability to control voiding urine

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urinary incontinence

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Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cytoscope

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cytoscopy

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Medication that is administered to increase urine secretion

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Diuretics

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Procedure to remove waste products from blood for patients whose kidneys no longer function

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dialysis

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Freeing of kidney from adhesions

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Nephrolysis

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surgical fixation of floating kidney

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Nephropexy

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Establishment of an opening between the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body

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nephrostomy

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Surgical repair of the renal pelvis

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Pyeloplasty

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Surgical incision into the renal pelvis

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Pyelotomy

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Surgical removal of a kidney stone through an incision into the kidney.

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Nephrolithotomy

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Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

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Cystopexy