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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the last sunspot maximum?
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2001
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What is a loop of solar material that can extend more than a million kilometers above the photosphere?
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Prominence
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What is released in the direction of the Earth and appears as a halo around the Sun?
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Sun Flares or CME's (coronal mass ejection)
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How are Auroras made?
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Solar flares add charged particles to solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere traps it and the charged particles flow towards the poles.
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How fast can solar wind flow and how does it affect the Earth?
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1) 450 kilometers per second
2) they can affect communication satellites. |
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What star system is the sun a part of and how many stars are involved in this system?
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The Alpha Centauri System and there are 3 stars involved.
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The Sun is an average star. So what color it shine?
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It shines yellow light.
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What is the usual star system and how many stars are involved?
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A Binary System with 2 stars involved.
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What color has the shortest wavelengths?
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Blue
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What 4 stars are not a part of the main sequence?
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1) White Dwarfs
2) Giants 3) Red Giants 4) Super Giants |
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What is a White Dwarf?
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A hot but not bright star.
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What is a Giant?
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An extremely bright but not hot star.
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What is a Red Giant?
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A star that is red in color.
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What is a Super Giant?
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Large stars that are very bright!
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Where do stars begin and what is it called?
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It starts as large clouds of gas and dust called a nebula.
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What is the central part of the Sun?
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Core
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What is fusion?
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4 hydrogen nuclei together to create 1 helium nucleus with the change in mass turning into energy.
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What is the region that surrounds the Sun's core?
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The Radiation Zone
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What is the region that surrounds the radiation zone where gasses circulate in giant swirls?
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The Convection Zone
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What is the zone from which the sunlight we see is emitted?
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The Photosphere
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What is the thin layer just above the photosphere where charged particles move outward?
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The Chromosphere
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What is the main part and the largest, outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere seen only during eclipses?
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The Corona
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Where do 90% of the stars fall under?
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The Main Sequence
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The H-R diagram shows what kind of relationship?
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An Indirect Relationship
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What is compared on the H-R diagram?
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Temperature and Magnitude
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What are the top 5 hottest parts of the Sun?
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1) Core
2) Corona 3) Chromosphere 4) Photosphere 5) Sunspots |
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What are sunspots?
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Spots on the photosphere that come from the magnetism pulling up cool material from the convection zone.
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What is unusual about the Sun's rotation?
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Since the Sun is gaseous, the Sun's poles revolve at a different rate than its equator.
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What is the solar cycle?
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When the rotation of the Sun starts getting really complex, the north and the south pole swap places.
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How long can the sunspots last and how long does it take for them to rotate the Sun?
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They can last for hours or for months and can take only 25 days to circle the Sun near it's equator.
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Does the nebula have fusion?
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Yes
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How is a supernova made?
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The outer portion of the red super giant star explodes producing a supernova though it might be many times brighter than the original star.
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How is a neutron star formed?
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When a supernova shrinks to form only neutrons in a dense core, it becomes a neutron star.
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How is a black hole made?
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When a supernova is 3 times bigger than the Sun or more, it will very likely collapse to a point where there is no volume and become a black hole.
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Why is it called a black hole?
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Because it sucks in everything in its path, even light. Nothing can escape from it.
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What are the three major types of galaxies?
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Spiral, Elliptical, and Irregular.
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What is the center of the solar system?
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The Sun
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What is a galaxy?
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A large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.
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What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?
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A Spiral Galaxy
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Galaxies are grouped into what?
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Clusters
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What cluster of galaxies does the Milky Way belong to?
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The Local Group
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The arms in a normal spiral galaxy start where?
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Close to the center of the galaxy.
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Andromeda is what kind of galaxy?
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An Elliptical Galaxy
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What does an Elliptical Galaxy look like?
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It looks like a large, three-dimensional ellipse with many being football shaped and others being round.
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What do Irregular Galaxies look like?
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They are smaller than other types of galaxies and have many different shapes.
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What Irregular Galaxies orbit the Milky Way?
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Clouds of Magellan
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The Milky Way is about how many light-years across?
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100,000 light-years
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What type if spiral galaxy might the Milky Way be?
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A barred spiral
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The Doppler Effect
----------/---------- Is it moving to you or away? --/------------------- |
Towards you
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The Doppler Effect
----------/---------- Is it moving to you or away? -------------------/-- |
Away from you
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The Doppler Effect occurs with _________ and ____________.
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Light and Sound.
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What states that the universe probably began 12 billion to 15 billion years ago with an enormous explosion?
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The Big Bang Theory
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What is a spectroscope?
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An instrument that breaks light into its component colors.
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What is parallax?
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The apparent shift in an object due to the motion of the observer.
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Light travels how fast?
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300,000 km/s
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What is the distance in one light-year?
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9.5 trillion kilometers
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The nearer the object is to the observer, the greater the parallax. True or False
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True
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What is apparent magnitude?
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The amount of light from a star as it appears to the observer on the earth.
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What is absolute magnitude?
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The measurement of the amount of light a star actually gives off.
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What are circumpolar constellations?
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Stars seen year round.
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What are constellations?
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A group of stars that form a pattern.
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How many constellations are there?
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88 constellations
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How far away is the Sun(the nearest star)?
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0.00002 light-years away
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How long does it take for the Sun's light take to get to Earth?
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8 min.
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List the rays in order from shortest to longest.
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Gamma, x-rays, ultra violet, infared, microwaves, and radio waves.
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The light from the star tells us what 5 things?
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1) Temperature
2) Age 3) Size 4) Composition 5) Brightness |
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A diffracting grating is made of what?
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Plastic with 1,500 slits per square inch.
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What are they?
1) incident ray 2) reflected ray 3) refracted ray |
1) incoming ray
2) Outgoing from a mirror 3) Outgoing from a lens |
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What is the Law of Reflection?
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The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
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What is the Principle of the Lens?
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Light Rays are bent toward the fat part.
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What is a folcal point?
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Where rays meet.
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What is a normal?
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An incoming line that's perpendicular to the reflecting surface.
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Who is credited inventing the telescope?
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Galileo
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Who invented the lens telescope?
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The Lippershey's father.
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Where is the largest lens telescope and how big is it?
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Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin
1 meter |
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Where is the largest radio telescope and how big is it?
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Arecibo, Puerto Rico
305 meters |
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What is wavelength?
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The distance between the peak of one wave and the peak of the next wave.
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Where is the largest multiple mirror reflecting telescope and how big and how many mirrors does it have? What is its name?
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Mauna Kea, Hawaii
10 meters across 36 Hexagonal-shaped mirrors Keck telescope |
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What are the 4 characteristics of electromagnetic waves?
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-No mass
-Travel in a straight line -Can travel through empty space -move through empty space at 300,000 kilometers per second |
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What's the different about the multiple mirror telescope on Mt. Hopkins and the Keck telescope?
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The way the mirrors are made.
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What is the advantage of the Hubble over those on Earth?
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It's view is not affected by Earth's atmosphere.
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What is the size, place, and name of the largest single mirror telescope?
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5 meters in diameter
Mount Palomar, California The Hale Telescope |
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Where is the largest single lens telescope and how big is it?
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Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin
1 meter |
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Who discovered the radio telescope?
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Janskey
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How big is the Hubble telescope and where is it located?
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2.5 meters
On a satellite in space |
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What is the biggest a lens telescope can get?
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1 meter
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Who made the reflecting telescope?
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Newton
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The Sun is what percent of our solar systems mass?
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98%
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Who came up the equation
E=MC squared? |
Einstein
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What 2 stars can come from the Nebula?
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A high mass star
A low mass star |
