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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jettisoned
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throw or drop (something) from an aircraft or ship; abandon or discard (someone or something that is no longer wanted)
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The Zong (background)
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Unusually small vessel with an unusually large cargo (4.0 slaves/ton as opposed to the usual average of 1.75) owned by John Gregson syndicate (Liverpool) → March 1781, it launches with 244 slaves already on board; crew of 17 sailors and then leaves Accra (Ghana) with 442 slaves
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The Zong (events)
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54 slaves (29 Nov.) + 42 slaves (1 Dec.) + 36 slaves (after 1 Dec.) are thrown in the sea in the Caribbean by crew vote (without Collingwood's participation; most notable is the decision to thrown slaves over after a shortage of water, but then more water was gained right before they did it anyways
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Events following the Zong’s return
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The Gregson syndicate (NOT Collingwood) enters claim for compensation from insurers, for “lost cargo” → Insurers refuse and go to court, jury under Lord Mansfield rules (6 Mar. 1783) for the owners (goes to court twice)
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The Impact of the Zong Events
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Zong case became a generalized symbol of the brutality of the Middle Passage, and critically empowered the abolitionist movement
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The Slave Trade Act
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begins with the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade in 1787; in 1788 the act limits the size of slave cargoes, in 1794 the act limits the scope of related insurance policies, in 1807 the act prohibits the Atlantic slave trade (enforced by Royal Navy patrols), in 1823 the Anti-Slavery Society founded and finally in 1833 the Slavery Abolition Act is founded
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“slavery”
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(in a very broadened analytical sense) is any forcible (including contractual) labour-coercive bondage imposed upon individuals, permanently or for a certain period of time, under an extensive or total control of “owners” or “masters” and lose a large proportion, if not the totality, of their discretionary ability to act as “free persons” (change residence, travel at will, procreate, change employers, change calling or profession, fully own means of production, pursue education, act as full legal agents, carry arms, participate in political and economic life as “free persons”, etc.)
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Examples of slavery (today)
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sex trade and sex-slave trafficking, Servile marriage (wahaya), Forced labour, Child slave trade (for prostitution, cheap domestic unpaid labour, farm service, or organized begging) and child industrial labour, Ritual slavery (trokosi and other mechanisms), Debt bondage (incl. peonage), Labourer contracts that limit freedom of movement and employment choice
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Notable illustrative episodes of political and military fallout
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The gradual collapse of Oyo (Nigeria)
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Notable illustrative episodes of remote knock-on effects
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Shaka and the creation of the Zulu state
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the ‘Excellent’
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A slave ship that was caught in 1850 by a patrolling ship; like many other slave ships they used the cover of other cargo
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John Adams
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23 April 1850 USS John Adams intercepts and seizes Excellent; The John Adams and other vessels trod the uncertain line between having to uphold “freedom of the seas” for ships flying the US flag and attempting to intercept “proven” slavers
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