The State

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The state in various approaches

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Idealist Approach

Functionalist Approach

Organizational Approach

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This approach is most reflected in the writings of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)

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Idealist Approach

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3 Moments of Social Existence

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State

Civil Society

Family

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An ethical community underpinned by mutual sympathy

A highest expression of human freedom

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Universal altruism

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Seen as a sphere of ___ where individuals place their interests first before others.

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universal egoism

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A ____ operates that encourages people to set aside their own interests for the good of their children and their elder relatives.

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particular altruism

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Focus on the role or purpose of state institutions.

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Functionalist Approach

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Maintenance of social order (central function)

___ as the set of institutions that uphold order and deliver social stability.

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State

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Defines the state as the apparatus of government.

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Organizational Approach

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Set of institutions that are recognizably ‘public’ in that they are responsible for the collective organization of social existence and are funded at the public’s expense.

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State

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The modern notion of sovereign statehood was formalized in the

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Peace of Westphalia (1648)

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State :

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Social Security Systems

Bureaucracy

Military

Police

Courts

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Key features of the state

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Sovereignty

Public

Legitimation

Domination

Territorial association

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Exercises absolute and unrestricted power

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Sovereignty

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Responsible for making and enforcing collective decisions

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Public

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Binding decisions that are made in the public interest or for common good

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Legitimation

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State authority is backed up by coercion.

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Domination

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Jurisdiction is geographically defined

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Territorial Association

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In the international community, the State is seen as

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an autonomous entity

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Rival Theories of the State

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Pluralist State

Capitalist State

The Leviathan State

The Patriarchal State

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State acts as an ‘umpire’ or ‘referee’ in a society.

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The Pluralist State

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The State cannot understood separately economic from be the structure of society .

The state as nothing but an instrument of class oppression : the state emerges out of and in reflects, the class system

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The Capitalist State

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The New Right is distinguished by a strong antipathy towards state intervention in economic and social life.

The state is a parasitic growth that threatens both individual liberty and economic security

The state as an independent pr autonomous entity that pursues its own interests.

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The Leviathan State

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State as a means of redressing gender inequality and enhancing the role of women

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Liberal Feminism

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State power role reflects a deeper structure of oppression in the form of patriarchy

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Radical Feminism

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State as little more than an 'agent' or 'tool' used by men to defend their own interests and uphold the structures of patriarchy

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Instrumentalism

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PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STATE

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The Role of the State

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The role of the state

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Statism

Minimal States

Developmental States

Social-democratic States

Collectivized States

Totalitarian States

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The belief that state intervention is the most appropriate means of resolving political problems or bringing about social and economic development.

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Statism

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This is the ideal of 'classical liberals' whose aim is to ensure that individuals enjoy the widest possible realm of freedom

(State as a protective body)

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Minimal State

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is one that intervenes in economic life with the specific purpose of promoting industrial growth and economic development

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Developmental State

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intervene with a view to bringing about broader social restructuring, usually in accordance with principles such as fairness, equality and social justice

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Social-Democratic States

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A morally justifiable distribution of material rewards

is often seen to imply a bias in favour of equality

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Social Justice

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bring the entirety of economic life under state control

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Collectivized States

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The abolition of private property in favor of a system of common or public ownership

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Collectivization

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-Abolished private enterprise altogether

- set up centrally-planned economies administered by a network of economic ministries and planning committees

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USSR and Eastern Europe

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The most extreme and extensive form of interventionism

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Totalitarian States

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State Control:

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Culture and Religion

Education

Family Life

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- The hollowing out of the state

- challenges to the existence of the state

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Globalization

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Globalization

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Economic interdependence

Emergence of supranational bodies

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is the transfer of states assets from the public to the private sector, reflecting a contraction of state's responsibilities

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Privatization

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is the transferring of responsibilities from national or central bodies to a local or community level.

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Decentralization

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is a complex policy process involving subnational, national and supranational levels and government and non-government actors.

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Multi- level governance